Big Drive Auto Essay Example for Free

Enormous Drive Auto Essay With the current hard monetary occasions, there is a need to execute the new options that are there for Big Drive. The principle point of all these is to expand deals while simultaneously they decline the costs that will be caused. A few stages needs thought while executing these new other options. Obviously the organization will be engaged with creation of totally new item inferable from the way that the clients presently need electric vehicle. The organization should initially agree to the administration prerequisite of creation of electric vehicle. They should then redesign the manufacturing plants so they can be in a situation to create the new variety of vehicles. Later on when the organization is steady in the market, it can attempt to create vehicles as per customer’s detail. (Arthur, S. Sheffrin, M. , 2003) It is additionally certain that the work or the activity advertise has decreased by 30%. This implies there is not, at this point accessible work and for the organization to endure, it must receive to new work strategies. Luckily, for the organization, the line of creation permits automated sort of work. The organization ought to accordingly alter the arrangement so it can adjust to the utilization of the new innovation. It can utilize machines in places where it recently utilized human work and this will have the option to conceal on the work lack. It is additionally evident that the quantity of vendor as genuinely diminished. This implies the organization must be set up to have a decent connection with the current vendors that are in the market. The organization may likewise choose to search for new coalitions with new vendors particularly the ones who are entering the market, as they are bound to acknowledge such partnerships. (Arthur, S. Sheffrin, M. , 2003) These three choices happen to be not kidding non-valuing boundaries to passage in this market. For the organization to endure, it must be set up to attempt to adjust to the new innovation however much as could reasonably be expected. It would be recommendable for the organization to put aside more assets in order to modernize the plant to deliver the sort of vehicles the client needs and simultaneously have the option to infiltrate the market however much as could be expected utilizing the accessible sellers and the new and up and coming ones. ? References Arthur, S. Sheffrin, M. . (2003). Financial matters: Principles in real life. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Example For Students

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Youth Groups as a talk network The main individuals who go to youth bunches are the ideal children who never really, go to chapel consistently, talk about God and about what is happening in their lives. This was my hypothesis before going to Pinion Hills Community Church in Farmington, New Mexico. Numerous individuals accept this to be a generalization however my estimate is that it is definitely not reality. Pinion Hills is a non-denominational church with a young gathering that happens on Saturdays at five thirty toward the evening and afterward again on Sundays at nine thirty in the first part of the day. I decided to go to the Saturday youth bunch with my flat mate who has gone to the adolescent gathering for barely a year now. Christianity started more than 2000 years back with Jesus Christ and his supporters. We will compose a custom article on Youth Groups As A Discourse Community explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Jesus would go around the village’s lecturing religion and showing individuals the desire of God. Jesus would in the long incredible the wrongdoings of man however after three days he would be revived and offer want to the world. Jesus got known as the Messiah for the Christian religion just as the educator of God. Individuals today keep on recounting to his accounts and love him still right up 'til the present time. There are different ways that individuals meet up to love and recognition God. One way would be the getting together of youth bunches since it permits the young to find out about God in a progressively present day and fun way. Techniques There are a wide range of ways that I approached gathering my data and information on youth gatherings. Interviews†¦

Evaluate the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization Research Paper Example

Assess the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization Paper Assess the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization BY nali143 Dl assess the statistical surveying technique utilized by a chose association Introduction I will assess the statistical surveying strategies IVe utilized in P3 to do my promoting investigation into the café business; I will discuss the quality and shortcomings of the techniques. What's more I will likewise give suggestions for improving the techniques and Justifications for improving them. Measures Strengths Weaknesses Recommendation from improving the technique Justification for improving the strategy Questionnaires The quality of surveys is it can give a knowledge into respondents considerations and sentiments and furthermore cost proficient as it is modest. The shortcoming of survey would be that respondents might be impacted the scientist and hence bargain its legitimacy. Also surveys must be kept short to abstain from confounding the respondent. To improve the strategy for polls in my exploration is utilize a greater example size than 20 as it doesn't give an a lot more extensive knowledge into people groups assessments. The explanation I would need to improve and utilize a greater example size is that 20 example sizes doesn't give a lot of understanding into people groups houghts and conclusions as its excessively little and to improve my outcomes I would require utilize an a lot greater example size possibly 300 at any rate. Office for National measurements (ONS) The quality of utilizing ONS insights is that its a solid source and all around looked into and multiplied checked to ensure its right. We will compose a custom exposition test on Evaluate the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Evaluate the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Evaluate the Market Research Method Used by a Selected Organization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The shortcoming of ONS would be that it is tedious as ONS delivers wide range measurements from economy to showcase industry insights. For instance as I was investigating for Maliah Miah into the eatery business, I needed to peruse ONS site and discover the data that particular and applicable to my examination which took I a touch of time. To improve this technique I suggest utilizing the web search tool gave by ONS site to limit the data significant and explicit to your exploration. The explanation this strategy needs improving is that it very well may be truly tedious to peruse the ONS site for a considerable length of time searching for data that is applicable to your examination so it would be snappier utilizing web indexes to limit the data by composing into web search tool bar. For instance if youre searching for measurements identified with the eatery business you would type café industry which would restore a hit and results thrilled to the café business and afterward choose the data pertinent to your examination. Web The quality of utilizing the web for your exploration is that you approach wide scope of data; its likewise quick and time proficient. The shortcoming of utilizing web if the data youre taking a gander at is right and modern. To improve the technique for utilizing web for your examination , I would suggest checking the unwavering quality of the data youre looking and cross check your outcomes to ensure that they are right , what's more likewise check the time and date the data was last refreshed or odified as this gives you a thought of the exactness of the data. The explanation you would need to improve this technique is that if youre completing an exploration , your data should be dependable , modern and precise and if its not your entire research stops to be substantial as it can't be depended on to decide. Keynotes The quality of utilizing keynotes for your examination is that its solid and exact as its delivered by the city of business in Moorgate. Furthermore it records drifts throughout the years and since its assortment of data its simple to break down. The shortcoming of sing keynotes for your exploration are now is the ideal time devouring to discover explicit data that is applicable to your examination and furthermore it might be costly as you need to buy it from the city of business library in Moorgate. My proposal for improving keynotes as a strategy for your examination is take a gander at the record page and the substance page to locate the significant data that particular to your exploration. Utilizing the list you can in order pinpoint the data youre searching for and go to that page to find out about and actualize the data into to your examination. My Justification for improving this technique is that it would simpler and not tedious to pinpoint and discover the data that particular and applicable to your exploration. Nobody needs to filter through loads of data to discover the date theyre searching for as this would not be time productive technique so utilizing the list and substance page to discover the data youre searching for would spare time and make the scientist time proficient Stages of research The quality of the phases of the exploration is that its brief and effectively spread out timetable which shows when every part of the examination would be finished. For instance stage one of the examination which research brief would be finished by fifth walk 2013 followed by stage two which ought to be finished seven days after the fact on twelfth of walk 2013. Stage two :Define the issue The quality of the stage two: characterize the issue is that youre capable decide issue introduced by your customer and plan the ways you to take care of those issues and complete your exploration. Stage three: set targets The quality of setting goals is that it gives you a thought of you need to accomplish by the end your exploration and furthermore fills in as rule of what you have to cover all through your examination Stage four: compose an examination proposition plan of work The quality of composing research plan of work is that you as the analyst can determine the data you have to gather for your examination and the timings for gathering every part of your information. Stage five: assortment of information The quality of stage five is that youre ready to assemble the date you expected to gather for your exploration utilizing the timings and the strategies determined in stage four The quality of stage six is that once the analyst has gathered his information, he can dissect and decipher the outcomes from his examination and furthermore explain the uantitative and subjective information he obtained. Stage eight: Re-assess the statistical surveying The quality of stage 8 is that once the scientist has finished his examination his ready to think back looking back and take a gander at anything that may have been missed or could have been improved as this could give helpful criticism to his next research and execute the things he could have improved and passed up a major opportunity. The shortcoming of utilizing the phases of research course of events is that one of part of the exploration stage may take longer than week which would mean the postponing of different parts of the examination which would not be time productive and cause onfusions. I will list the shortcoming of every part of the examination underneath Stage two :Define the issue The shortcoming of characterizing the issue is that if the specialist doesn't really comprehend what research to do, it will prompt the scientist undertaking unseemly and unessential research that isn't applicable to the customer. Stage three: set targets The shortcoming of setting destinations is that if its not sensible and quantifiable it can't be accomplished. What's more if the specialist doesn't explain what should be secured, it could cause disarrays and thusly cause delays in completing the examination. The shortcoming of stage four is that if the specialist doesn't determine what data to gather , how it will be gathered and when to gather , it can create turmoil and postpone the examination along these lines its principal to build up the timings and the information that necessities to gathered. Stage five: assortment of information The shortcoming of stage five is that if the specialist doesn't explain the targets and the information that should be gathered it would prompt him gathering insignificant data and pointless information. Stage six: Analysis and assessment The shortcoming of stage six is that if the specialist has gathered unimportant and nnecessary information his examination stops to be legitimate hence the customer can't believe the aftereffects of his exploration as its legitimacy has been undermined. Stage eight : reconsider the statistical surveying There isnt any shortcoming in assessing the statistical surveying as you are Just returning to your exploration to check whether youVe missed whatever you expected to cover or some other part of the examination you could have improved. My proposal for improving utilizing the phases of research is have preliminary run before you attempt or complete your exploration as this gets ready as well as gives the esearcher a thought of to what extent every part of the examination would take as far as time. Stage two: Define the issue he totally comprehend the issues before completing his exploration. Stage three: My proposal for improving stage three is that the scientist guarantees that he is utilizing the SMART strategy and explains all the destinations he needs to cover. My proposal for improving stage four is that the analyst sets out a course of events covering all the data that necessities to gathered, when it needs to gathered by and how it will be gathered. Stage five: assortment of information My suggestion for improving stage five is that the analyst explains the goals and which information should be gathered. My proposal for improving stage six is that the scientist av

diabetes - 275 Words

diabetes (Essay Sample) Content: Diabetes Author Author affiliation Diabetes Diabetes is a condition that results from the uncontrolled sugar levels in the body. Either this is caused by failure of the body to convert glucose into glycogen for storage or glycogen to glucose for use in the body or both cases. There are two types of diabetes, which are type -1and type-2 diabetes (Maceyka et al., 2012). Therefore, it requires early diagnosis to avert premature deaths from diabetes related complications. Type-1 diabetes is caused by failure to convert glucose to glycogen for storage in the body resulting from failure in insulin enzyme production mechanism Gregg et al., 2014. This causes increase in glucose in blood to a level the body cannot contain. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, results from failure by the body to produce enough glucagon enzymes to convert stored glycogen to active glucose for body metabolism (Dabelea et al., 2014). This results in deficiency of the necessary glucose in the body. Management Strategies Various strategies employed in management of diabetes. First strategy involves lifestyle interventions. It has been observed that intensive interventions that allows frequent contact with health professionals, such as multiple injection of insulin and self-monitoring of blood glucose, improves self-management (Olokoba et al., 2012). Computer- assisted programs that provide education and facilitate self-management have proven to significant both metabolically and psychologically Finally, Alcohol is known to be harmful to the life of people but it is also beneficial to them especially those suffering from diabetes (Patterson et al., 2014). Excessive consumption of alcohol is harmful to human life and causes diseases such as high blood pressure, some types of cancer, liver diseases and violent death. Despite this fact, people suffering from diabetes are recommended to consume alcohol but with moderations as a way of a healthy lifestyle. They should not consume it in excess (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Therefore, diabetes can effectively managed by use of various strategies described above. References Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., ...Liese, A. D. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children a...

Effects of Corruption on E-Commerce - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2407 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION ON E-COMMERCE (VERSION 1) CORRUPTION: Corruption has crippled Nigeria to fully maximize her potentials, Nigeria has seen drop in educational standard, healthcare, basic and social amenities. This is because most of the funds budgeted for the greater good of the economy have been misused for individual greed by our leaders and people elected in public offices. Corruption is the dishonest and illegal behaviour exhibited especially by people in authority for the personal gain (transparency.org). The growing corruption in Nigeria can be traced to people holding power at the federal, state and local government levels. Ruzindana, (1999) emphasises that corruption in Africa is a problem of routine deviation from established standards and norms by public officials and parties with whom they interact. He further more identified bribery, private gain and non-existent workers (also known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ghost workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) as the di fferent types of corruption facing Africa. Corruption generally in Nigeria is a social problem that has attracted the interest of many scholars. However, corruption and its effect on e-commerce have experienced little attention in the country. E-COMMERCE Until 1998, Nigeria had only few dial-up e-mail providers and a few internet service providers (ISPs) operating on slow links in the country. Present ISPs provide online advertising opportunities, internet banking securities and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) services. E-commerce growth in Nigeria is slow but steady, the vast improvement in telecommunication services in the country as illustrated by explosion of subscribers and users of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), it is further underscored by a surge in private telecom operators (PTOs) offering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fixed wireless serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which offer data and voice transfer. The introduction of e-commerce service is held back by lack of public awareness on how to use the technologies. However, there has been a rapid growth in electronic cash transfer services such as western union, MoneyGram and Travelex in recent years. Electronic banking is one area of e-commerce that has proven successful in Nigeria. Virtually all banks in Nigeria offer online, real-time banking services. Moreover, banks that cannot offer these services are increasingly losing their customers are offered the flexibility of operating an account in any branch of their bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s network. Even though the Nigeria government has taken progressive steps in recent years to aid online buying and selling (E-commerce) surmountable challenges still remain that is killing e-commerce in Nigeria. Most of the points to be discussed if critically explored have a link to corruption, in the sense that corruption has eaten so deep in the country ranging from individuals to government officials. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yahoo Yahooà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ syndr ome: Many young Nigerians attribute this to lack of employment and tangible jobs to keep them busy, therefore, they involve themselves in the what is known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"yahoo yahooà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yahoo Yahooà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is an online type of fraud where mostly young men look for a way of getting hold of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s master/credit card details to use in purchasing goods online without the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consent. The perpetrators of this crime spend long hours at the cyber cafÃÆ' © surfing the net with the aid of a software to crack into peoples accounts. Some even go to the extent of using charm to avoid been caught by the necessary authorities. The most recent one around now is employment fraud. I almost fell for one recently when I saw a job advert online for the Nigerian Navy. After clicking the web link that says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"click here to applyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ I was taken to another page where I was supposed to pay fo r a voucher/pin to complete the application. However, over the years, the practice of the Military related jobs has always being for job seekers to walk into a bank and pay for the voucher/pin, but for this particular one the instruction was to pay online. I tried it, followed through the whole process, input my card details and pin, fortunately for me the bank I use had network issue so the transaction couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t go through, it was later that I found out it was a scam and the Nigerian Navy did not officially advertised the job on its website. We can all imagine how many poor job applicants would have fallen prey of that fraud act. Lack of dependable online payment gateways: while things are getting better as regards e-commerce in Nigeria in the sense that in the last decade a lot of online businesses have been launched (konga, jumia, slot, etc) however, dependable gateways are hard to come by. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Interswitchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"etransa ctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are the two major companies used as online payment platform in Nigeria. However, I think some banks are gradually joining the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Lack of trust: People find it difficult to trust each other; also so many people do not trust new technologies. For example, my mother has never used an Automated Teller Machine (ATM), simply because she believes she cannot hold the poor machine responsible for any error/crime committed. Similarly, I was also having a chat with a friend of recent who narrated her uncleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ordeal. While the uncle was in the UK on vacation from Nigeria, he got an alert on his phone from his bank in Nigeria that a transaction was just made (huge amount of money) on is account, immediately he flew back home went straight to the bank for an explanation on how and why such transaction took place on his account without him authorizing it, lo and behold, the bank could not give any reasonable explanation about the transaction, did not of course refund his money back saying it was due to the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s carelessness. What I am trying to say in essence is that lack of trust in people and machines that facilitate e-commerce is a contributing factor to how corruption affects e-commerce in Nigeria. Reliable Power supply: Lack of reliable power supply in the country has contributed greatly to those factors that have crippled so many businesses and e-commerce activities in Nigeria, this is because the people in charge of the power sector are greedy and due to political reason have just decided to neglect the power sector. You can imagine the president of Nigeria making some allocations to fuel and service the generator servicing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"presidential villaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the last budget. This is just to show how serious the power issue is. We can all try to imagine the state of a countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s e-commerce or businesses in general where power s upply is not stable. The recent presidential pardon granted to Diepreye Alamieyseigha the former governor of the oil-rich state of Bayelsa by President Goodluck Jonathan who was convicted for money laundering and other serious corruption offense in 2007 has questioned the transparency of the President Goodluck Jonathanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s administration. The decision undermines anti-corruption efforts in Nigeria and encourages impunity. This decision also proves to future companies or individuals looking at investing in Nigeria that the country is still not very safe thereby affecting the growth of e-commerce in country. The problem of e-commerce in Nigeriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is not just corruption, but failure to put in place mechanism or infrastructure that will make life easy for the citizens to work and live well in the society. Nigeria need good energy distribution, good roads, overhaul postal system, good communication networks and other social amenities, Nigeria would ha ve been a good market place for e-commerce activities in Africa but reverse is the case. *************************************************************************** Effects of Corruption on E-commerce (VERSION 2) Introduction: In almost all developing countries of the world, commerce dominates their economic activities. Even the industrial activities are based mostly on commerce. In Nigeria, the productive/manufacturing sector is still highly dependent on import and export. The manufacturing companies rely heavily on raw materials from abroad while the primary productive sector merely produce raw and semi processed materials meant for the overseas market and consumers. Nigeria produces crude oil in abundance and almost about 90% of it is exported with very little meant for the local refineries. In very sharp contrast, more than 80% of the refined petroleum products consumed in Nigeria are imported. From the foregoing, the importance of commerce cannot be over emphasis ed. Commerce is the most vibrant of all the economic activities in Nigeria. In the world today, Information Technology has made trade transactions very easy. At the comfort of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s home or/and office, commercial transaction can take place within the twinkle of an eye. The magnitude of commercial activities taking place in Nigeria and rapid development that has taken place in the field of information technology makes it imperative to probe into the possible effects that corruption can have on e-commerce. Whatever the situation, corruption scandals and allegations of dishonesty have great impact on commercial activities in Nigeria, high level of corruption could also impact upon economic performance in Nigeria, e-commerce inclusive. Corruption has serious effects on e-commerce in many ways. The price and marketability of any product or service is determined significantly by the local cost of production. On the other hand, the cost of production is influenced gr eatly by the level and magnitude of corruption in the system. The level and magnitude of corruption affects the cost of all the factors of production which in turn affects the demand and supply of products and services covered by e-commerce. If the cost of raw materials is increased because of the incidence of over invoicing, the eventual cost of production and selling price of the finished product or service will be high. In the final analysis, the high price will affect the volume of trade involving the product or the service. That being the case, if such product or service is under e-commerce, there will be a major impact. Money laundering is a form of corruption and it affects e-commerce in all manner of ways. Monies that are laundered are not monies worked for or genuinely earned. Such monies are spent in a way that the level of liquidity in the economy will increase and artificially the prices of products and services on which the money is spent will increase. In fact, lose money in the segment of the market dealing in those products or services will give a wrong signal of a high demand which in turn will increase prices. Definitely e-commerce will be affected, since money laundering will have effect on the forces of demand and supply. In most developing countries, goods and services produced, marketed and consumed there are approved or certified. The process of certification or approval is often laden with corrupt practices, such that at the end products or services will affect e-commerce. In most cases because the cost of bribing the officials to grant certification is taken as part of the cost of production and also because the quality of the products and services in the long run will be discovered to be poor, there would be low demand for it. This will lead to a lot of distortions in the e-commerce market. There is also a wide spread of misappropriation of public funds in Nigeria, just like some other countries in Africa. This massive misapp ropriation of public funds affects e-commerce. The demand and supply tilt towards the goods and services consumed by those that have been involved in the misappropriation of public funds. The increased demand will act as an incentive for producer to increase the quantity of such goods and services consumed by the few super rich people while those consumed by people who have no access to this misappropriated public fund as neglected. The poor perception and attitudes of the people generally towards corruption and how poorly the government and all relevant agencies and institutions are handling cases of corruption has eroded peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s confidence and this has serious negative impact on e-commerce. E-commerce is still at very low pace in Nigeria majorly due to the effect of corruption. If one party places an order and expect the other party to mail or supply the goods before payment is effected, the supplying party would be weary that he may just supply goods to an in dividual he may not be able to trace eventually. On the other hand, if the order is backed with payment, the person who places the order will not be sure the supplier would supply to specification and to his/her satisfaction. I was having a chat with my dad recently, and he took me way back into the 60à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s when Nigeria did not have a colour lab for printing pictures. All pictures printed then were all in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"black and whiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, however, if you want it printed in colour one needed to send the film to the United Kingdom (UK), it will printed in colour and sent back to Nigeria after which you now send the payment over to the UK. Over time, the transaction was stopped/cancelled by the UK government which I reckon was due to fraudulent activity of Nigerians not paying after receiving their pictures back. Also the corruption in the country which does not spare the judiciary makes seeking redress in law court a tortuous exercise. In some cases, j ustice is to the highest bidder and when it is not, the road to justice is long and winding. A simple civil case on a contractual agreement may take years and by the time judgement is delivered, the compensation is not restorative enough. The generality of the people that are involved in e-commerce do not see any reason or have any urge to keep accurate record of all transactions. At times, it can be due to ignorance and at times it is deliberate and intentional. Whatever be the case, the overall effect is to evade paying the required tax revenue to the appropriate government. The government that is in position to develop or encourage e-commerce through enactment of favourable policies and law may then not be interested. On the other hand, if people would pay taxes as appropriate, the government can encourage e-commerce which is still in its infancy in Nigeria. REFERENCE Akintola, K.G., Akinyede, R.O. and Agbonifo, C.O (2011), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"appraising Nigeria redness for E commerce towards achieving vision 2020à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, IJRRAS, 9(2) Sherah Kurnia and Fei Peng (2010). Electronic Commerce Readiness in Developing Countries: The Case of the Chinese Grocery Industry, E-commerce, Kyeong Kang (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-7619-98-5, InTech, Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/e-commerce/electronic-commerce-readiness-in-developing-countriesthe-case-of-the-chinese-grocery-industry https://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/20130314_transparency_international_calls_on_nigerian_president_to_rescind https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo?gclid=CLDnjKChmbgCFVMbtAod7S0AfA Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects of Corruption on E-Commerce" essay for you Create order

Prostitution The Modern American Sex Industry - 1913 Words

INTRODUCTION Many are unaware of the mammoth size of the modern American sex industry, which includes prostitution, pornography, stripping, and other forms of commerce commonly euphemized as ‘adult entertainment’. In academic reviews and critiques of the trade, astonishing statistics abound. For example, â€Å"estimates of the amount of money spent per day on prostitution in the United States range upward of $40 million [and] the American pornography industry grosses more per year than the American music and mainstream movie industries combined [...] [and] Americans spend more money per year on strip clubs than on theater, opera, jazz, and classical music concerts combined†. Needless to say, this wide array of sexual goods and services constitutes an influential economic force in the United States. Yet despite its size and prevalence, the sex industry is largely stigmatized and disdained, even by the legions of Americans who patronize it. Rather than attempting to analyze the sex industry as a whole, this paper raises questions about prostitution in America and the moral indignation that it often provokes. The question it seeks to answer is threefold: (1) What principles lead to our social stigmatization of prostitution? (2) Are these principles described in (1) morally defensible? And, (3) If the principles are not defensible, how should policies and attitudes change regarding prostitution? To begin, Section I briefly discusses the stigma attached to prostitution and the harmShow MoreRelatedShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 PagesDecriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. 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By definition, it is â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† It has been around since the first civilizations of Mesopotamia and isn’t going anywhere. Prostitution is also one of the most controversial topics in todays modern society. There is a wide variety of different pros and cons related to this subject. With these pros and cons come supporters andRead MorePro-Prostitution (The Advantages of Prostitution)1469 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual activities in the exchange of money (Dictionary.com). Prostitution is believed by many to be the world?s oldest profession with its roots tracing back to ancient times (Otchet). It is a common belief that prostitutes are only women, but the truth is that prostitutes are predominantly of the female gender. In today?s modern society prostitutes are frowned upon by so ciety because they see it as being on the same category as drug addiction andRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 PagesBulgaria, Russia, and other second world nations that become an extension of sex trade networks. Therefore, the globalization of human trafficking provides an example of the intermeshed system of human trafficking that relies heavily on the exploitation of women and children throughout the world. These criminal systems of â€Å"trade† define the black market appeal of human trafficking that has become a global issue in the modern world. In essence, an analysis of the globalization of human trafficking definesRead MoreThe Untold Story : Legalization Of Prostitution1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Untold Story: Legalization of Prostitution The legalization of prostitution is a matter long overdue because it would have a positive impact on the economy, set programs in place to improve quality of life for the victims/workers of the industry, and provide educative resources to bring awareness to the youth about the world’s oldest profession. Not a lot of light is shed on prostitution, let alone the sex industry in a state like Nevada where it is legal in 8 counties nor that up to the lateRead MoreConsequently, By Trying To Enforce Prostitution Laws, Police1469 Words   |  6 PagesConsequently, by trying to enforce prostitution laws, police officers spend an exhausting number of hours trying to gather information. In an unpublished interview, Dr. Williams, an associated professor at North Carolina State University, stated that policing prostitution in the United States is an overreach. Enforcing prostitution laws puts undue strain on law enforcement agencies. Dr. Williams strongly contends, that government resourc es could be better used on education and or rehabilitation ifRead MoreArgument About Legalization Of Prostitution1507 Words   |  7 Pages Tatum Kirk Research essay viewpoint Legalization of Prostitution Prostitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual intercourse for money (dictionary.com). There are 40 to 42 million prostitutes in the world; 3 quarters of this group range between the ages 13 to 25. With about a 80% being women, and 20% being male. About 1 million of those live in the United States (businessinsider.com). Most of the women are forced into this job, because it is so unregulated. Some women chose toRead MoreAnalysis of Child Prostitution over the World1622 Words   |  7 PagesForced child prostitution is all over the world. However, I am talking specifically about human trafficking overseas. This is one of the most known places for Child Prostitution. Children are being snatched and forced to do drugs and sell their bodies to make money for the pimp’s. This is an issue to our country because our children are being kidnapped. We really can’t do much here because they are extremely hard to find. When you’re running a business li ke this you have to make sure you never

Emil Kraepelin free essay sample

Emil Kraepelin: Sir â€Å"I-Know-Psychos† Emil Kraepelin, in the late 1800’s, was a pioneer in the development of psychiatry. Also known as, in two very interesting minds, as Sir â€Å"I-Know-Psychos†. You know, like Sir Isaac Newton, but with social science. He is the mind-wizard of many things and all of which I shall be talking about in this absolutely incredible biography. By the end of this thing, your mind will be screaming for more of my humour .. and of course our little social science friend, Emil Kraepelin. Now, pull up some comfy chairs, folks, this is going to be one heck of a ride. This fine young man is the discoverer, the Jacques Cartier, to our modern classification system of mental illness. Kraepelin introduced the terms schizophrenia and manic depression. In more scientific terms, they call it dementia praecox and manic-depressive psychosis. The run-down of these two illnesses are: schizophrenia is a mental disorder marked by severely impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviours. We will write a custom essay sample on Emil Kraepelin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Manic depression is a mood disorder that causes radical emotional changes and mood swings. Emil Kraepelin is also the Jacques Cartier, the Founding Father, of psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics. The run-down of these cool cats? Psychopharmacology is the study of drug-induced changes in mood, sensation, thinking and behaviour. Psychiatric genetics, a sub-field of behavioural neurogenetics, is the study of the role of genetics in psychological conditions like alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism. Kraepelin was the son of a civil servant, or a German â€Å"beamter†. He was born on February 15th, 1856 in Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg, Germany. He was first introduced -and obviously to the wrong science .. only kidding- to biology by his brother Karl. Emil began his medical studies at the age of eighteen at the University of Wurzburg. He studied psychology with Wilhelm Wundt and wrote a prize-winning essay called The Influence of Acute Illness in the Causation of Mental Disorders. In 1878, he received his Masters Degree. 1879, at the University of Munich, he went to work with Bernhard von Gudden and completed his thesis of The Place of Psychology in Psychiatry. Since the lovely University of Wurzburg missed him so dearly, he returned to work in a neurology clinic and in his good old friend Wundt’s psychopharmacology laboratory. He was successful and had much fun hangin’ with his fellow Sir â€Å"I-Know-Psychos† friends. In 1883 his Compendium der Psychiatrie, his major work, was published. In 1884, Kraepelin decided to cool it down a little and became a senior physician in Leubus and the following year was appointed director of the Treatment and Nursing Institute in Dresden. By the age of thirty, Kraepelin just wouldn’t stop! Not even slow down! He was named professor at the University of Dorpat. Can you say Sir â€Å"Moves-A-Lot†? And again, four years later, he moved to the University of Heidelberg, finally resting until 1904.

Strategic Analsis of Ethiopian Airlines Essay Example For Students

Strategic Analsis of Ethiopian Airlines Essay This report is compiled for the partial fulfillment of the course entitled Global strategy Analysis and practice, based on analysis of the Ethiopian Airlines business strategy. The Ethiopian Airlines is a state owned enterprise which operates globally. The study will provide a brief assessment on the Ethiopian Airlines Business strategy based on analysis of data collected from secondary sources which includes data from the Internet, websites, company magazine, news papers, and annual reports. We have also conducted interview with the company senior management. The problem related to time constraints to collect raw data and access to primary data was the issues that limit the study. The first part of the report provides a brief overview about Ethiopian Airlines. On the next step we look a computational analysis that includes the SWAT, PESTEL and Porter’s five forces model. The last section addresses the conclusion and recommendation. We will write a custom essay on Strategic Analsis of Ethiopian Airlines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For a new entrant to the airline industry the current situation is un pleasant. Whereas for Ethiopian Airlines stayed in the market for a long time with a best safety record and operational reputability. It gives the company a strong brand name, loyal customer, big market share in the continent and has a good image in Europe and Asia. On contrary the domestic flight service has a weakness in satisfying the local customers like flight delay, flight cancellation and low service quality.. Ethiopian Airlines adopts demarcation basic strategy to get a competitive advantage by implementing electronic ticketing and online check-in. In addition, it gained a competitive advantage by focusing in new segments in the market. The airline wants to grow from 53 to around 80 destinations by 2015. Also it provides aircraft maintenance, pilot and technicians training including training by plane simulator, including for most African countries. Ethiopian Airlines sets its strategy to maximize stake holders’ interest by implementing latest aviation technologies, skilled manpower, provide aircraft maintenance which leads increasing its market share to become a world class African Airlines. RECOMENDATIONS In addition to the existing strategy of the company the study recommends the following shall be incorporated. Reduce operational costs Ethiopian Airlines should reduce the operational costs by improving maintenance processes, having high aircraft utilization, perform effective flight scheduling, out

Clayton Bates essays

Clayton Bates essays Clayton Bates was born in 1907, in Fountain Inn, South Carolina. As a young boy, he worked in the cotton fields and his mother was a nurse for a white family. Clayton hated his job though, and his true love was dancing. Some days, he would secretly go to the local barber shop and dance for the rich white men for some extra money, until one day when his mother found out and dragged him home. Clayton always went back though, because he loved the extra money, and most of all, he loved to dance. At the age of eleven, Clayton got sick of his job in the cotton fields. He claimed that the job wasnt 9 to 5, it was can to cant. He pleaded with his mother to let him go to work in the cottonseed mill, but she wouldnt let him because she felt he was too young to be working in a dangerous factory. After enough reasoning his mother agreed to let him go to work in the cottonseed mill, where he worked on top of a cottonseed pile. His job was to push the cottonseed so that it flowed down into the conveyor, where it was ground into meal. On only his second day at the job, Clayton slipped and fell into the conveyor with the cottonseed and fell into the auger, which crushed his leg and 2 fingers on his right hand. Since, black people were not allowed into most hospitals at the time, Bates was forced to have his leg amputated on his mothers kitchen table. Clayton refused to let this slow him down, and with a wooden peg leg his uncle made for him, he ran five miles every day, jumping over ditches and whatever obstacles he met. After close to a year and a half, Clayton was able to run and dance just like he used to, and he refused to let anyone pity him for his disability. Soon after his accident Clayton was back to his dancing, and was now known by everyone, even his mother, as Peg Leg. Peg Leg began joining traveling dance shows. Sa ...

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Research Paper

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Research Paper Example The third section of the paper will analyze the competitive environment of Tata Motors Limited and then determine the company’s main competitors and their strategies at each level. The fourth section would seek to determine whether the strategies for the long-term success of the competitors would differ in slow-cycle and fast-cycle markets. Tata Motors Limited Tata Motors Limited is a publicly traded corporation within the motor industry, and according to Witzel (2010), the company is a multinational car manufacturer whose headquarters is located in Mumbai, India and it is a subsidiary of the Tata Group Plc. Tata Motors Limited was formed in 1945 and specializes in the production of automotive parts and automobiles that comprise of vans, trucks, buses, coaches, passenger cars, and military vehicles. Perhaps among the most widely known products of Tata Motors Limited include the Tata Nano, Tata Daewoo, Jaguar Land Rover, and Tata Ace. Additionally, the company also offers servi ces that include vehicle service and vehicle leasing (Witzel, 2010). Tata Motors Limited has established an international presence that is supported by the manufacturing and assembling plants that are located across various regions within India, and other countries such as the United Kingdom, Argentina, Thailand, and South Africa. Additionally, the company also has various research and development centers in India as well as in the United Kingdom, Spain, and South Korea (Witzel, 2010). In the ranking of Tata Motors Limited, Witzel (2010) stated that the company is listed in three key stock markets that include the New York Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and the Bombay Stock Exchange. The company was ranked at position 314 in the 2012 Fortune Global 500 list of world’s biggest corporations whose profit in the last financial year was $2.28 billion. Tata Motors’ business-level strategy With reference to the writings by Kim and Mauborgne (2005), they wrote that it is through business-level strategies that organizations are able to meet the needs as well as the expectations of their customers and hence post good returns. According to Hiriyappa (2010), business-level strategies stipulate on actions, which can gave value to customers and enable a business organization to gain competitive advantage through the effective utilization of core competences in service or product markets. Additionally, Hiriyappa (2010) stated that business level strategy mainly focus on a company’s position within the industry in relation to the five market forces and even the competitors. Kim and Mauborgne (2005) stated that there are four key business-level strategies that are commonly used to provide organizations with a competitive edge in the market and they include cost leadership, differentiation, focused differentiation, and an integrated low-cost-differentiation strategy. With reference to the business model of Tata Motors Limited and the writings by Witzel (2010), it is correct to assert

How do you measure political corruption, and what are the difficulties Assignment

How do you measure political corruption, and what are the difficulties involved - Assignment Example Another important form of this type of corruption is extortion. Here the political persons get involves in various criminal offences for acquiring property, money etc from an individual or institution through illegal means. Political corruption depends on the jurisdiction and country. The practice of political funding differs from places to places. In some places considered as legal and in some places are considered as illegal. In many places government officials have indefinite powers. There the distinction between illegal and legal power is difficult. Institutional corruption is also included in political corruption. The problem of corruption in institute which is associated with the economic support from the government officials who have different interest related with the institution. Political corruption has a negative effect on the good governance and democracy of the country. It reduces the accountability in legislature and election. Corruption in politics hampers the represen tation process in policy making. Political corruption also leads in the compromising the rule of laws. This type of corruption often occurs at the higher levels of the state which a strong impact on politics. Political corruption leads to the improper use and resources misallocation. It influences the political system and government institutions. As a result institutional decay is a common phenomenon in this type of corruption. It is a deviation from ethical code of conduct and written legal norms by the ruling political party. The ruler systematically abuses the rules and regulations of the state to fulfil their personal gains. It is also perceived as an ignorance of principles and rational legal values of the state. The legal base of many authoritarian countries is weak. This helps to grow political corruptions and subjects to the downfall of their political system. Moral, ethical and normative standard are the necessary benchmarks to differentiate legitimacy from legality in

The Changes in Law Enforcement Essay Example for Free

The Changes in Law Enforcement Essay All together law enforcement has changed, but few see the drastic changes that have happened. Everyday, police and sheriffs are working to keep the people in their community safe. With improved technological advances and social changes, police and sheriffs are keeping a closer eye on things today. For example, improved weapons such as tasers have helped keep suspects safe, computers in police cruisers allow instant access of information of individuals. Other social changes, such as women allowed to join the police forces have helped law enforcement a lot with domestic violence cases because they are calmer then most men. No matter what happens police and the sheriffs will be there to protect and serve their community everyday of the year, both nighttime and daytime; crime never sleeps and neither does law enforcement. Police have been a part of society for many years. However, â€Å"police as we know them today – an armed force maintained by the state to perform the functions and paid a salary rather than a share of fines – are a rather recent phenomenon† (Miller). Police forces were formed in all major US cities during the latter half of the nineteenth century† (Miller). According to Miller, police in the United States developed â€Å"†¦from the British tradition†. Like in London, police duties were limited to patrolling and gradually increased into investigation. Police should have been established earlier then the nineteenth century but society may have not been ready for it. â€Å"At the time of their founding, the police were viewed not as an out-growth o f the state’s ability to make law but as a manifestation of its ability to use violence† (Miller). Most people today say that wasn’t the reason why society created the police. Law Enforcement has its purpose in society. â€Å"The purpose of Law Enforcement is to prevent, interdict, and investigate crimes and prosecute criminals† (Miller). One of the key duties of any police department is to deter crime by visible presence. â€Å"Over time, however, investigating and solving crimes has evolved into one of the most important functions of the police† (Miller). If police do not prosecute the criminals, then the criminals will continue to run the streets causing havoc and putting innocent people in danger. The investigation of crimes has not changed since the rise of the police in the mid nineteenth century, but the way in which they go about it has changed a great deal† (Miller). With the use of fingerprints, DNA and video surveillance, it is now easier to identify the suspects. â€Å"Once a suspect has been identified, the police must supply the state†™s attorney with sufficient evidence to prove the suspects guilt† (Miller). This helps to ensure that the correct person is prosecuted. Even today laws are being enforced but eventually they will get broken. Law Enforcement has drastically changed throughout its creation in the year of 1667. â€Å"Law Enforcement officers are facing a tougher environment today interacting with a greater diversity of people of many cultures, faiths, race and lifestyles† (St. Hilaire). People need to realize that the police are here to help them no matter what they believe in. â€Å"As many officers have experienced recently that we as a profession are receiving the frustrations of the public over many issues including hatred of our government† (St. Hilaire). Just because the government is not perfect does not mean that police do not want to help the public. â€Å"Some changes we may not have control over like shift schedules, assignments, the color of the uniform shirt and the outcome of other’s actions† (St. Hilaire). Obviously, the government cannot control what a police station does because if they change something it can put everything out of order. With everything that has happened, Law Enforcement has made itself worthy of serving the community. Another key change in Law Enforcement is the use of force. The Rodney King incident brought into question the use of force by law enforcement. â€Å"The King affair transformed basic practices of policing, not just in Los Angeles but across the country† (Deutsch). Many of the changes had been needed for years, but were never addressed. â€Å"The king beating and trial set in motion overdue reforms in the LAPD and that had a ripple effect of law enforcement throughout the country† (Deutsch). Since this had such a major effect on the lapd in almost destroyed their reputation. The Rodney King beating almost destroyed the reputation of the Los Angeles Police Department. In the aftermath of the Rodney king beating a lot of things changed with police on the field. â€Å"In the wake of the Rodney king case; cameras became standard equipment in patrol cars all over the nation† (Marcou). In doing this police now cannot cover up an incident that they were a part of. â€Å"As far as citizens recording police, there is still much disagreement about how it should be handled† (Marcou). Nowhere in the constitution does it say the citizens cannot film stuff that is happening outside their house. â€Å"When it comes to training, officers are told â€Å"have your camera going at all times.

Bless Me Ultima :: essays research papers

Bless Me Ultima   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children in many cultures are forced into awkward situations, such as they are expected to make life long decision. Some children (usually boys) are forced to chose a bride at the very early ages. Others are to rule kingdoms, and palaces, and some even countries. In the novel Bless Me Ultima, Antonio experiences many difficult situations that are beyond his years and force him to mature much faster then other children his age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example Antonio is the cause of many of his parents fights that occur. They quarrel over what Antonio would be when he is older. Antonio’s mother wanted Antonio to be extremely intelligent, and she wanted him to grow up to be a priest. His mother once said â€Å"An education will make him a scholar, like–like the old Luna priest.†(54) His mother was not very educated, and tried to live her life through Antonio. She also talked a lot about bringing honor to the family. This is where the priest part comes in. Due to Tony’s mother being very religious she wanted Antonio to become a priest to bring honor to the family, and for him to have more of a relationship with â€Å"god†. Antonio’s father on the other hand did not agree with education, or Antonio becoming a priest. He thinks education is a waste of time and money. Antonio’s father grew up wandering on a horse back threw fields and meadows, never having any for mal education. His fathers dream is to own a vineyard, and to have his sons work on it together, and make it thrive. You did not need an education to juice grapes, and therefore it was not important to him. His father is not religous, and thinks its pointless for him to become a priests. His father did not have respect for priest, due to--------------. Antonio is towrn between his parents and searches for answers. He turns to Ultima for comfort â€Å"She understood that as I grew I would have to chose to be my mothers priest or my fathers son†(41). Although Ultima does not give Antonio straight answers on what he will grow to be she does help him through. Which is what he was longing for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another situation that Antonio was put in, was the witnessing of the many deaths that occurred during the novel and his young life. The first death Antonio witnessed was the death of Lupito.

Piece inspired by ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

The sun was blazing down on the yard outside the barn. The group of men were playing a horse shoe tournament. Lennie was still sitting down on a barrel, watching the other guys play. In the distance he saw a man walking towards them with a trail of dust bellowing from his feet. It was Curly. Everyone went silent as he swaggered up to Slim. â€Å"Av, you seen my wife! † â€Å"No, she’s probably bunking up with the Nigger! † muttered Carlson. Everyone began to chuckle, Lennie didn’t hear what Carlson had said but he started to laugh so he wouldn’t stand out. He laughed so loud that in the end he did stand out. Curly stormed over to him, he had a menacing look on his face. Lennie stopped laughing immediately and began to hide his face. â€Å"What the hell you laughing at? † Curly asks as he looks down on Lennie. â€Å"Nu.. Nu.. Nothing† Stuttered Lennie. Everyone fell silent as Curly started to crack his knuckles in a fighting fashion. â€Å"Come on, you big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show you who’s yellow. † Curly yanks Lennie up on his feet and starts pummelling into his stomach and face. As Lennie is taking this beating he looks up and looks into Georges eyes. Everything starts slowing down in Lennie’s brain and all he can hear is George’s voice repeating â€Å"Get him Lennie. Don’t let him do it! † Slim rushes to George and says† The dirty little rat. I’ll get him myself. † â€Å"Wait a minute. Get him Lennie! † George shouts. Then the tables turn. Lennie grabs Curly by the shirt and lifts him high above the ground. Lennie is a blur and begins to bear hug Curly. Curly is totally refrained from doing anything to Lennie. Then all the men hear groaning noises coming from Curly. A loud yell cry comes from the mouth of Curly as the men hear his back breaking. Each spinal column crunching into each other. Everyone realises that it’s time to get Lennie off of Curly before he kills him. â€Å"Let go of him Lennie. Let go! † George screams as he jumps onto Lennie’s arms. â€Å"Let go of him Lennie. Let go. Slim, come and help me while the guy got no back left. As the men prize Lennie ofF he is still in a blur, he suddenly just drops Curly and runs onto a haystack crying†. You told me to George! † â€Å"I know I did Lennie, I know I did†,George whispers to Lennie as he sits and comforts him. Slim walks over to Curly who was lying on the floor having lots of short spasms in his back. â€Å"Looks like every bone in his back is bust† Slim says as he analysed Curly’s injury.

Graduation Speech Baseball Season - 1657 Words

Stars: I attended Lee High School in Huntsville, AL for 4 years. As a general, I participated in many varsity sports, but anyone who knows me knows my favorite is football. Looking in as an 8th grader the varsity team at Lee was pretty good under head coach Kinte Welch; however, finally graduating and becoming a part of the team my freshman through junior year was pretty awful. Our program was awful because of many reasons, but you can t blame it all on the head coach. Ending my junior season, we d maybe won 4 games in 3 seasons. At the beginning of baseball season my junior year the athletic department decided to release him from his head coach position. After many potential coaches filled out for the position our principle filled the spot. He was familiar with the football in our area and he also coaches at a rival school Huntsville High School. Coach Woods has been around football all his life also playing linebacker at the University of Arkansas. Woods taking over and hiring a ne w staff made our life so much easier. The senior class who came in as a freshman, and stuck through the tough times help lead the team to the 6A playoffs after not being a contender for the last 10 years. I played a huge role as a defensive captain and we were ranked one of the top defenses in our region. As a three-year starter for the Generals, we turned the whole program around my senior season and made it to the second round of the playoffs where we lost to a power house. Heart: I haveShow MoreRelatedEssay About Who Am Life1000 Words   |  4 Pageshis required service with the United States Air Force. My mom graduated with a degree in speech pathology from the Mississippi University for Women. I was active from the moment I could walk, playing basketball, baseball, football, or just riding my bike, I did anything I could if I was outside. When I turned three my parents let me play tee ball with my brothers five-year-old team. From that moment on baseball ruled my life. My father served for 20 years and once he entered the Air Force reservesRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Fellow Brothers And Sisters854 Words   |  4 PagesGraduation speech My fellow brothers and sisters. High school is reaching its end, We are no longer children of the school. We will all still remember the blood that flows through us as tk trojans. We take pride in our tradition. As we move to the next step in our lives whether it be college or elsewhere i pray that it takes us to a good future. For the athletes i hope you had the best seasons possible. Im sure we have all had a rocky road throughout high school or even in elementary. But i amRead MoreJackie Robinson : Baseball Team2964 Words   |  12 Pagesenrolled in John Muir High School. Once attending, his brothers Matthew and Frank helped inspire Jackie to pursue his interest and talent in sports. At Muir Tech, Jackie Robinson played as shortstop and catcher on the school’s baseball team as well as placing a spot in the Pomona baseball all-star team, played as the quarterback on the school football team, played as shooting guard on the basketball team, won awards in the broad jump while he was on the track and field squad, as well as lettered in all fourRead MoreSchool District Adminstration4672 Words   |  19 Pagesgiven in each class and averaged in with the current terms grades. All test and class work missed must be made up the day the student returns to school. A suspension will cause the student to become ineligible for sports for the remainder of the season in which they received the suspension. An Out-of-School suspension form will be completed and sent home for the parent to review and sign. The form will state the infraction that occurred and the date the suspension is to be served. All suspensionsRead MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pagesthe team members. Essentially, they were all around 26 years of age, athletic, and had professional backgrounds in finance or economics. I’ll start with Tom Giffen, who was a self-professed introvert and who was passionate about the Chicago Cubs baseball team. Professionally, prior to business school, Griffin worked as a financial analyst on Wall Street for a few different firms. He spent time at the London School of Economics, but had not traveled outside the country much over the past few yearsRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesmeeting yesterday because she never showed up. I 5. Zhang Wei is not in class. He could have overslept and missed the bus. B (page 76) 1. Students must complete all of their essays to pass the class. 2. Mike can complete all his classes for graduation next semester. 3. I should have bought a present for my brother’s birthday, but I forgot. 4. I should pass this class if I do well on the final exam. 5. My parents informed me that I must (OR have to) do better in school this semester.Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages1998) reported on a study of the effectiveness of a new ï ¬â€šu vaccine that is administered by nasal spray rather than by injection. The article states that the â€Å"researchers gave the spray to 1070 healthy children, 15 months to 6 years old, before the ï ¬â€šu season two winters ago. One percent developed conï ¬ rmed inï ¬â€šuenza, compared with 18 percent of the 532 children who received a placebo. And only one vaccinated child developed an ear infection after coming down with inï ¬â€šuenza. . . . Typically 30 percent toRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesand three thousand cattle. On my first day, the foreman, Tony, sat at the head of the dinner table. I walked in and he announced, Heres our cowboy from Rhode Island. The room fell deathly silent. It was branding season. I took the bruising job of wrestling calves. After branding season, I joined the fencing crew, five men led by the oldest hand, Morris. We worked ten...hour days planting railroad ties and anchoring fence braces. I admired Morriss expertise and calm demeanor. But Morris never didRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pagestimes people have been there, it always seems to make them slow down a pace or two. The hotel where the meeting would take place was a small inn located in the town of Yountville. Kathryn liked it because it was reasonably priced during the off-season and had just one large and comfortable conference room. It was on the second ï ¬â€šoor, had its own balcony, and overlooked acres of vineyards. The meeting was to start at 9:00 A.M., which meant that most of the team would have to leave their homesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestime? 3. Would the students start protesting even more if the principal stopped the newspaper? 4. When the welfare of the school is threatened, does the principal have the right to give orders to students? 5. Does the principal have the freedom of speech to say no in this case? 6. If the principal stopped the newspaper, would he be preventing full discussion of important problems? 7. Would the principal’s stop order make Rami lose faith in him? 8. Is Rami really loyal to his school and patriotic to

The Need for Stricter Gun Control Laws Essay - 1606 Words

On December 15th 1791, the second amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment states that, a well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed (U.S. Constitution).† While this amendment may have been appropriate at the time, 223 years later it is evident that change is most definitely necessary in the United States. Gun control policy must become much stricter due to the following reasons: 1) more guns lead to higher homicide and suicide rates, 2) most massacres involve legal weapons, 3) modern militias would not work against the U.S. military forces, and 4) other countries have seen successful results after†¦show more content†¦Guns in households are not safe, they are dangerous. Most Massacres involve legal weapons. On December 14, 2012, almost a year ago, Adam Lanza single handedly killed 26 people by gunfire. He killed his mother in their own hom e and then proceeded to break into Sandy Hook Elementary school in Newton, Connecticut and shot at innocent teachers and children. Twenty of the people he killed were under the age of ten. Sandy Hook reminded Americans of the Columbine High School massacre, another school shooting that took place in Colorado, 13 years before Sandy Hook, which resulted in thirteen casualties. Due to the lack of gun control, these two incidents did not only ruin the lives of victims killed, but the lives of all of their families and friends as well. American citizens should not have to worry about their, or anyone else’s, lives being endangered when they are in places such as their homes, work place, school, or anywhere else for that matter. Americans have no choice but to remain cautious until stricter gun control laws are implemented. Some might wonder â€Å"how do psychopaths such as Lanza and other mass murders get a hold of guns?† The real question is â€Å"What psychopath couldn’t get a hold of a gun?† With relaxed laws, and many loopholes in the limited gun control laws that do exist, almost anybody can get a hold of a gun. Even people with convicted felonies canShow MoreRelatedThe Need for Stricter Gun Control Laws Essay569 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans died from guns, 19,066 committed suicide in 2011. Without guns in our world , this would not have happened. Removing guns from our society could greatly reduce school shootings, deaths and overall crime rate. The First gun control law was implemented in 1934. The National Firearms Act of 1934 puts a $200 tax on machine guns and sawed off shotguns. The next gun control law National Firearms Act of 1938 needed licensing of interstate firearm dealers. 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Nurse Driven, Sleep Hygiene Protocol, A Source Of Anxiety...

The inability to sleep is a source of anxiety and stress for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU); this inability can lead to cardiorespiratory disturbances, immune system dysfunction, impaired wound healing, hormonal and metabolic imbalances, cognitive changes, and delirium. Through the use of quiet times and nursing actions that encourage sleep, or, sleep hygiene bundles, nurses can assist in improving sleep quality in the ICU. These bundles include noise and light reduction, scheduling routine procedures outside of reserved sleep times, the use of earplugs and eye masks, and the grouping of nursing care activities to minimize sleep interruptions. The aim of this proposal, therefore, will be to implement a nurse-driven, sleep hygiene protocol, in order to improve patient care by promoting quality sleep in ICU patients. Barriers to implementation include staff resistance to the concept, concerns regarding patient care during sleep times and difficulties in coordinating care with other units. Studies used to gather information for this proposal were published between the years of 2011 and 2016 and were found in several databases: Academic Search Complete, Medline, and OVID Journals. Keywords: ICU, intensive care unit, critical care, quiet time, noise, and nursing. Quiet Time in the ICU One of the top three sources of anxiety and stress for patients during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay is the inability to sleep (Kamdar, Needham, Collop, 2012). There isShow MoreRelatedHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pagesweeks gestation regardless of weight. D. A neonate diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation. 2. A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has just learned she s pregnant. The nurse is teaching her about insulin requirements during pregnancy. Which guideline should the nurse provide? A. Insulin requirements don t change during pregnancy. Continue your current regimen. B. Insulin requirements usually decrease during the last two trimesters. C. Insulin requirements usuallyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesHoldener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallvi lle Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United StatesRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pages1 Empirical research – data Our subject is empirical social science research, and developing proposals for doing such research. Empiricism is a philosophical term to describe the epistemological theory that regards experience as the foundation or source of knowledge (Aspin, 1995: 21). Since experience refers here to what is received through the senses, to sense-data or to what can be observed, I will use the general term ‘observation’2 alongside the term ‘experience’. Thus ‘ empirical’ means basedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory , Keynes’ insights are equally relevant to organization theory. Here Keynes alludes to the pivotal role any theory generally plays in how we make sense of and act in the world. He also suggests that hidden dangers lurk when we are unaware of the sources of the theories we inevitably apply in practically undertaking whatever it is that we do. Therefore, we must be cautious about what it is that influences our behaviour and be able to reflect upon and assess the implications of the theories we areRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesCompetitor-centred Customer emphasis Major Customer-oriented Market-driven Figure 1.1 Customer and competitor orientations (adapted from Day, 1990) INTRODUCTION 5 that focuses on year-on-year improvements in key operating ratios, or on improvements in sales volume without making direct comparisons with competitors. Such an orientation is potentially disastrous when viewed in strategic terms. At the opposite extreme is a market-driven approach to marketing which seeks to balance a responsiveness

Modern Political Thought Free Essays

School of Politics and International Relations Modern Political Thought II POL206 2012-13 Module Convenor: Dr Madeleine Davis Email: m. j. davis@qmul. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Political Thought or any similar topic only for you Order Now ac. uk Office hours: Semester 1 Thursday 2-3pm, Friday 11-12am, Semester 2 Thursday 23pm, Friday 1-2pm. Office location: Arts One, Room 2. 28b Timetable: Lectures: Thursdays at 10 am Seminars: Thursdays (see QM+ and School notice board for details) 1 1. Welcome from the convenor This module handbook provides you with essential information. The handbook details the topics covered each week. You should use the reading lists provided to help you prepare for lectures and seminars. You should read the handbook carefully before you begin the module, and you should bring it with you every week to lectures and seminars. The first few pages give you some general information and advice on how the module will be taught and assessed, as well as guidelines on preparing and presenting your work. The rest of the handbook is a guide to module content, including a week by week guide to lecture and seminar themes, with essential and additional readings clearly indicated for each topic. Copies of this module outline and other handouts are available from the folders on the wall outside the School Office on the second floor of the Arts Building. The module outline for the spring semester will be available at the end of the autumn semester. Announcements relating to the module will be distributed via email to your QM email account or via QM+, and it is your responsibility if you miss any of these announcements. There will be a weekly lecture for the module at 10 am on Thursdays. Seminars also take place on Thursday and you will be assigned to one of these. . Module description This second year core module is compulsory for all Politics and Politics/History students, because we think an understanding of the history, structures and main concepts of political thinking is necessary for appreciating the institutions and arguments of modern political life, as you will study it in other modules. The skills you learn in dealing with more abstract and normative ideas, as well a s in evaluating rational arguments, are also essential for studying all parts of the discipline. The module builds on the analysis of concepts and ideologies begun in POL100 Introduction to Politics, but it also offers an opportunity to read some of the classic texts, and to explore some of the founding ideas, of modern political theory. By studying the foundations and development of political thought, we can understand how contemporary ways of thinking about politics and the political emerged, as well as appreciating the historical and theoretical contexts in which they evolved. The emphasis in the module will be on a critical reading and analysis of primary texts. Part I of the course (MPT I) focused on the development of political thought prior to the French Revolution, emphasising in particular the social contract tradition; foundational ideas about rational individualism; the quest for a theory of political obligation which would grant legitimacy to the emerging modern state; the development of radical theories of democratic participation and popular sovereignty; and the critique of many of these developments in modern conservatism. It also raised questions about how we think of the political, by comparing the social contract tradition with that of Machiavelli and by considering politics in the context of the development of modernity. Concepts like consent, freedom, equality, rights and property were prominent. In Part II of the course, we will be considering the way in which political thought developed in the wake of the French and industrial revolutions. We will begin by focusing upon the continued rise of liberalism and secularism in the 18th and 19th centuries in the work of Jeremy 2 Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant. These figures represent the continued elaboration and sophistication of the modern foundations of political society in concepts of rationalism, enlightenment, freedom and equality. As we will see, their conceptions of the role of the state, of right and of obligation continue to be immensely influential in both political thought and practice today. For the rest of the module we will turn our attention to Germany and three great German thinkers: Hegel, Marx and Nietzsche. This will allow you the opportunity to study three of the nineteenth-century’s central political thinkers, whose ideas have played a crucial role in the development of the 20th century. Hegel’s writings may not at first seem easy to understand as they are written in a style that is highly metaphysical and abstract. However, once we get beyond the philosophical jargon we discover one of the most compelling visions of the relationship between citizens and the state that has ever been offered. For Hegel, the state was ‘the actuality of the ethical idea’, and it was through the State that the individual acquires what he describes as ‘substantive freedom’. The critiques of liberalism developed by Marx and Nietzsche are the most influential we have. Attacking the very foundations of the emerging liberal capitalist order, they also dismissed its values and aspirations to justice as at best illusory and at worst, as masquerades for advancing sectional interests. For them, liberal democracy is about oppression and exploitation (Marx), nihilism and deathly mediocrity (Nietzsche), not justice and emancipation. They developed very different ideas from liberal ones, about human nature and what might be ‘good’ for it. They also developed grand historical accounts to explain what they saw as the miseries and degeneracy of modernity (capitalism; nihilism), alongside more visionary allusions as to how we might escape from them. Above all, Marx and Nietzsche sought to challenge the idea that politics is a rational practice undertaken by self-conscious actors who make rational decisions and subscribe to general values of fairness. What they describe is a far more complex environment in which politics is an ongoing struggle between (structural, cultural, unconscious) forces of which we often have little understanding and even less control. This means that they pay less attention to the State than more conventional political theorists, since the power struggles that constitute political life are much more widespread. This clearly has significant implications for the practising of politics and through them, Marx and Nietzsche oblige us once more to take up the first semesters’ questions concerning the bases (or lack of them) for political authority, shared values or any common vision of justice or liberation. 3. Teaching and Learning Profile a) Teaching Arrangements Lecturers: Madeleine Davis (MD), Jeremy Jennings (JJ), Caroline Williams (CW) and Clare Woodford (CWd) Seminar teachers: Madeleine Davis, Caroline Williams and Clare Woodford The module has two components: a one hour weekly ecture and a one hour weekly seminar. Attendance at all lectures and seminars is compulsory. Persistent non-attendance can lead to 3 de-registration, which can affect your overall classification or prevent your studying further with Queen Mary. If you are absent due to ill health you should contact the module tutor and the office. If you are absent from Queen Mary for more than five days, you must supply a do ctor’s note. Lectures: there will be twenty-two weekly lectures, as detailed in the module outline below. These will take place on Thursdays at 10 am. You should ensure that you attend all of these. Lectures are captured on audio and video, and you can find them on QM+. Seminars: these are held once a week and also last one hour. They are small group meetings based around specified texts and themes, and they are intended to supplement the lectures and provide an opportunity for deeper discussion of the module content. You MUST do the required preparatory reading in advance of the seminar. All participants are expected to demonstrate a careful reading for the week’s topic and a willingness and ability to contribute to class discussion on the basis of such reading. You can only demonstrate reading and thinking through making regular contributions to class discussions. The class tutors will endeavour to make sure that everybody says something in every seminar. Since seminars are designed to allow you to make an input into the module, attendance is compulsory. Please note that non-attendance at seminars can lead to deregistration from the module (see undergraduate handbook). Please let the seminar tutor know in advance if you are unable to attend a seminar, and please ensure that you speak to the module convenor or your personal tutor if you are experiencing problems. Because texts are open to various interpretations and criticisms, seminars in this module provide an especially important forum for trying out your ideas, testing them on other readers, and most importantly, raising difficulties that arose during your reading. You should never feel intimidated in these classes, in expressing your ideas: speculative thinking is an important part of political theorising and it is not a question of being ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. Above all, it is important that you should come to class with an enquiring mind and a willingness to share your questions, problems and opinions with other members of the tutorial. Class discussions are for your benefit and the more you put into them, the more stimulating and helpful you’ll find them. In fact, the best MPT sessions often arise from students identifying parts of texts they found the most difficult or controversial, rather than those parts which are more self-evident. Never feel inhibited about asking the meaning of words or passages – the chances are that other people are also struggling with them! It is important that you should bring a copy of the week’s primary text with you, as we may want to analyse particular passages together. QM+ and email: it is important that you check the POL206 area on QM+ regularly. Not only will we post announcements and handouts there, but we will also involve QM+ in the teaching of the module. Smart students don’t come unprepared to class because they have forgotten to check QM+. You must also read your Queen Mary email daily for any communications about teaching. The School will not use any other email but that supplied by the Queen Mary. Failure to respond to email messages, particularly regarding non-attendance, may lead to deregistration. b) Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria The aims of the module are: To give students a broad overview of modern political thinking as it developed from the 16th century to the end of the 20th century; to encourage a capacity in analytical thinking and an ability to deal with abstract concepts and normative or speculative ideas; to introduce a critical perspective which encourages rigorous and creative thinking and to teach skills which are derived from a text-based module; and to introduce intensive and continuous writing assignments in order to develop students’ writing abilities and powers of written analysis. The learning objectives of the module are: The acquisition of a detailed knowledge of classic texts in political theory; an ability to explain and critically analyse the basic claims and normative ideas underlying modern political doctrines; a familiarity with the central concepts of modern political thought, such as rights, justice, human nature, liberty, equality, democracy, exploitation, as well as the idea of the political itself, as these have developed discursively and historically; and an appreciation of how political theory both understands, and responds to, the questions of odernity and the modern state. Skills: The module aims to teach the following skills: analytic skills in close readings of texts; skills of critical evaluation in considering arguments; speculative skills in thinking about the ‘big’ questions in politics; presentation skills in summarising complex theoretical arguments; and writing skills in presenting critical written accounts of ideas cover ed and reflecting on the student’s own work. c) Attendance Attendance at all Lectures and Seminars is compulsory. Persistent non attendance can lead to de-registration, which can affect your overall classification or prevent your studying further with Queen Mary. If you are absent due to ill health you should contact the module tutor and the office. If you are absent from Queen Mary for more than 5 days you must supply a doctor’s note. d) Participation/Preparation This handbook details the topics covered each week. You should use the reading lists provided to help you prepare for lectures and seminars. You can only demonstrate reading and thinking through making regular contributions to class discussions. e) Communication You must read your Queen Mary email for any communications about teaching daily. The School will not use any other email but that supplied by the Queen Mary. Failure to respond to email messages, particularly regarding non-attendance, may lead to deregistration. You must check this QM+ site for this module for any messages and associated learning material. 4. Assessment Profile and Timetable for feedback (see also Appendix 1) a) Assessment In the spring semester, assessment for this module consists of the following two pieces of work: (i) an essay proposal of max. 00 words, plus working bibliography (weighting: 10% of the mark for the whole year); and (ii) a research essay of max. 5000 words (weighting: 50% of the mark for the whole year). The research essay is designed to allow you to demonstrate both depth and breadth in your understanding of the semester’s key themes and thinkers. It is also intended to help develop your skills of research design and independent research, in order to prepare you for the final year dissertation you will undertake next year. You will be required to choose one from a selection of key themes, and to write an essay that compares and analyses the treatment of your chosen theme by at least three of the thinkers covered in this module. The choice of thinkers will depend on the theme chosen and your own interests, with one stipulation: at least two must be chosen from the Spring Semester (for Semester B associates all will be chosen from the Spring Semester). The themes from which to choose are: i) freedom, ii) human nature, iii) morality, iv) equality, v) political authority and legitimacy. The requirement to submit a plan and working bibliography is intended to ensure that your choice of themes and thinkers is appropriate, to help you in framing your arguments, and to give you the opportunity to receive feedback on your work in progress from your seminar tutor. Your tutors may also incorporate short writing exercises into classes to help you link themes and thinkers as we progress through the course. Deadlines Essay proposal: Thursday 7 March (Week 9) Feedback will be given in week 11. Research essay: Tuesday 23 April. Grades and feedback will be given after the exam period. Please refer to the Appendix for further information and guidance about the coursework. Exam There is no exam for this module. 6 Semester B associate students Those taking MPT II only will have 100% of their grade awarded on the basis of their spring semester course work. The coursework is as follows: (i) an essay proposal of max. 500 words, plus working bibliography (weighting: 15% of the mark); and (ii) a research essay of max. 5000 words (weighting: 85% of the mark). The coursework is due on the same dates as for nonassociate students. See Appendices for full details. b) Submission of coursework You must submit one electronic copy of all assignments. Your electronic copy must be submitted via Queen Mary’s Virtual Learning environment (QMPlus) by 9am on the day of the stated deadline. The School has a policy of anonymous marking. Your name must not appear anywhere on your work. Therefore, you must ensure that you use the coursework coversheet as the first page of your assignment. Any coursework work submitted which does not have a coversheet attached will incur penalties for incorrect submission. Coversheets can be downloaded from the Undergraduate shared area of QMPlus and through individual QMPlus module areas Your electronic copy must be submitted by 9am on the deadline date, and will be retained and screened by anti-plagiarism software. REMEMBER: Save your assignment with coversheet and bibliography as a single document (preferably as a PDF) before uploading to QMPlus Complete the coversheet with your Student ID, Module Code, Assignment number and Seminar Tutor. Your assignments must be submitted by 9am on the deadline date Save back-up copies of all your work in case of computer failure. It is your responsibility to submit your assignments correctly. (Full details of submission policies can be found in the School’s Student Handbook. ) c) Extensions If you require an extension due to extenuating circumstances (EC), you must complete the relevant EC form and attach documentation to support your request. Completed forms and documentation should be handed into the Office. Full details can be found in the Student Handbook 7 Essays submitted 14 days after the deadline – including weekends – will not be assessed and will be given a mark of zero. d) Essay Advice Referencing and bibliography There are different ways of referencing and making a bibliography. The important thing is that you use one, and that you use it consistently. Referencing and bibliography are essential parts of any essay and marks will be deducted if they are poor or absent. Your seminar teacher will be happy to answer questions about this. For details about how to reference and make a bibliography, please consult the Student Handbook. e) Past Exam Paper There is no exam for this course. 5. QM+ All module materials, including a copy of this module outline can be found on QMPlus. You should familiarise yourself with QMPlus as soon as possible as further information concerning this module and office hours will be posted there. To access QMPlus (on or off campus) go to http://qmplus. qmul. ac. uk/. You will require your QM computer access username and password. You should also use QMPlus to upload the electronic version your assignments. If you are having problems accessing/using QMPlus support and information can be found on the following website – http://qmplus. qmul. ac. uk/mod/page/view. php? id=85646 Equally you can contact the School Office who may be able to offer assistance. NOTE: If you have not completed your module registration properly your modules will not show on QMPlus. It is up to you to ensure you complete registration and check QMplus regularly. 6. Plagiarism QM defines plagiarism as presenting someone else’s work as one’s own irrespective of intention. Close paraphrasing, copying from the work of another person, including another student, using the ideas of another person, without proper acknowledgement or repeating work you have previously submitted without properly referencing yourself (known as ‘self plagiarism’) also constitute plagiarism. Regulations on Assessment Offences 8 Plagiarism is a serious offence and all students suspected of plagiarism will be subject to an investigation. If found guilty, penalties can include failure of the module to suspension or permanent withdrawal from Queen Mary. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand plagiarism and how to avoid it. The recommendations below can help you in avoiding plagiarism. Be sure to record your sources when taking notes, and to cite these if you use ideas or, especially, quotations from the original source. Be particularly careful if you are cutting and pasting information between two documents, and ensure that references are not lost in the process. Be sensible in referencing ideas – commonly held views that are generally accepted do not always require acknowledgment to particular sources. However, it is best to be safe to avoid plagiarism. Be particularly careful with quotations and paraphrasing. Be aware that technology is now available at Queen Mary and elsewhere that can automatically detect plagiarism. Ensure that all works used are referenced appropriately in the text of your work and fully credited in your bibliography. If in doubt, ask for further guidance from your adviser or module tutor. See your student handbook for further advice. 9 7. LECTURE AND SEMINAR SCHEDULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lecture Bentham’s Utilitarianism (JJ) John Stuart Mill’s Liberalism (JJ) Kant’s Enlightenment (CWd) Hegel: Philosophy, ethics and the state (CWd) The early Marx (MD) Marx’s historical materialism (MD) Reading week; no lectures or seminars The Analysis of Capitalism (MD) Introduction to Nietzsche and the Genealogy of Morality (CW) Nietzsche’s Genealogy and Bad Conscience (CW) Nietzsche’s Genealogy and Nihilism (CW) Conclusion and overview (MD) Seminar theme Bentham: principles of morals and legislation John Stuart Mill: liberty Kant: enlightenment and freedom Hegel and the state Marx: emancipation, alienation and speciesbeing Marx: history, class and revolution Marx: capitalism and exploitation Nietzsche’s challenge : what is morality? Nietzsche: guilt, bad conscience, discipline and will to power Nietzsche: nihilism and beyond Advice on preparing your research essay PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE WILL BE A BRIEFING SESSION ON THE ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL STUDENTS ON THURSDAY 18 JANUARY AT 1PM IN ROOM FB113A 10 8. READING GUIDE SEMESTER II TEXTS Core Texts Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (in Wootton). John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (in Wootton). Kant, ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? ’ (in Wootton). G. W. F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: various texts, including excerpts from On the Jewish Question, The 1844 Manuscripts, The German Ideology, The Communist Manifesto and Capital , collected in Wootton or Robert C. Tucker, The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd edition (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978). Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morality, ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson, trans. Carol Diethe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). As far as is possible, all of the first and second semester readings are collected in David Wootton (ed. ), Modern Political Thought. Readings from Machiavelli to Nietzsche (Cambridge: Hackett, 1996) (referred to below as Wootton; you may also use the second edition from 2008). Students are strongly advised to purchase this text. Where texts are not in Wootton they will be posted on the QM+ site for the course. Most of these texts can also be found on the internet, although the quality varies. Secondary texts: An important note on secondary reading: As last semester, the major emphasis of this course is on a close reading of primary texts. All the essential reading for seminars is from the core primary texts listed above. However you will need to consult secondary texts when planning and preparing your research essay (you can also, of course, use them for seminar preparation in addition to – never instead of! – the primary reading if you have time). The secondary material listed below is organised into various categories: general texts: useful companion texts aimed at students and usually covering several thinkers and one or more relevant themes. secondary texts on particular thinkers: more in depth and specialised treatments of each thinker. additional thematic sources: some suggestions for general reading on the themes for the research essay. 11 Your working bibliography for the research essay will probably contain material from each of these categories. We have provided a fairly extensive range of sources here. All should be available in the QM library (some are still on order at the time of compiling this list). Useful secondary texts (* indicates particularly recommended) General secondary texts: Barry, N. , Modern Political Theory (4th ed, 2000) (chapters on authority, freedom and equality) Boucher, D. and P. Kelly (eds. ), Political Thinkers (London: Routledge, 2003). *Edwards, A. and J. Townsend (eds. ), Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy. From Machiavelli to Marx (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002). (useful chapters on Kant, Hegel, Mill and Marx) *Hampsher-Monk, I. A History of Modern Political Thought (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992) (chapters on Bentham, Mill, Hegel and Marx) Macpherson, C. B. , The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964). ( a critique of liberalism) Matravers, D. et al. , Reading Political Philosophy. Machiavelli to Mill (London: Routledge, 2001). *Pateman, C. , The Problem of Political Obligation (Cambridge: Polity, 1985). Pla menatz, J. , Man and Society: Political and Social Theories from Machiavelli to Marx (New York: Longman, 1991). Ramsay, M. ,What’s Wrong with liberalism? (1997) Rorty, R. et al. (eds. ), Philosophy in History: Essays in the Historiography of Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). *Rosen, M. , and Wolff, J. , Political Thought (OPU, 1999) – (a very useful reader of primary texts organised by themes including human nature, justification of political rule, and liberty, with short introductions to each theme) Wolff, J. , An Introduction to Political Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996). By thinker: Bentham, Mill and Utilitarianism David Bromwich and George Kateb (eds), John Stuart Mill On Liberty (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003). Wendy Donner, The Liberal Self: John Stuart Mill’s Moral and Political Philosophy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991). Michael B. Gill, The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). *John Gray, Mill on Liberty: A Defence, 2nd edition (London: Routledge, 1996). Joseph Hamburger, John Stuart Mill on Liberty and Control (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999). *Ian Hampsher-Monk, A History of Modern Political Thought (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), chapters 7 and 8. Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), chapter 2. 12 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1971),  §Ã‚ §5, 26-30. Nancy Rosenblum, Bentham’s Theory of the Modern State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978). Alan Ryan, The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill, 2nd edition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1978). Geoffrey Scarre, Utilitarianism (London: Routledge, 1996). Philip Schofield, Utility and Democracy: The Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).. John Skorupski, John Stuart Mill (London: Routledge, 1989). John Skorupski (ed. ), The Cambridge Companion to John Stuart Mill (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). J. J. C. Smart and Bernhard Williams, Utilitarianism for and against (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973). John Stuart Mill, ‘Utilitarianism’, in On Liberty and Other Essays, ed. John Gray (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 131-201. Kant Useful Introductions Scruton, R. (2001) ‘Kant A Very Short Introduction’, Oxford: Oxford University Press Filkshuh, K. A. (2003 [2nd ed. 2009]) ‘Kant’ in Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. eds) Political Thinkers From Socrates to the Present, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 422-36 P. Guyer, The Cambridge companion to Kant P. Guyer The Cambridge Companion to Kant and modern philosophy (2006) H. Williams, Kant’s Political philosophy S. M. Shell, The Rights of reason: A study of Kant’s Philosophy and Politics R. Bei ner (ed), Kant and political Philosophy H. Arendt, Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy P. Riley, Will and Political Legitimacy L. Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom G. A. Kelly, Idealism, Politics, and History Reiss, H. S. (ed. ) (1991) Kant’s Political Writings, (2nd ed. (H. B. Nisbet trans. ) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Also useful for commentaries and discussion: Allison, H. (2004 ed) Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defence, London and New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Ameriks, K. (2000 ed) Kant’s Theory of Mind, Oxford: Clarendon Press Beck, L. W. (1960) A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, Chicago Caygill, H. (1995) A Kant Dictionary, Oxford: Blackwell Collins, A. (1999) Possible Experience: Understanding Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Downie, R. S. and Telfer, E. 1969) Respect for Persons, Allen and Unwin Filkshuh, K. A. (20 03 [2nd ed. 2009]) ‘Kant’ in Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. (ed. s) Political Thinkers From Socrates to the Present, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 422-36 Gardner, S. (1999) Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, (London: Routledge) 13 Keller, P. (2001) Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kitcher, P. (1982) ‘Kant on Self-Identity’, The Philosophical Review, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 41-72 Kitcher, P. (1999) ‘Kant on Self-Consciousness’, The Philosophical Review, vol. 08, no. 3, pp. 345-386 Korsgaard, C. (1996) Creating the Kingdom of Ends, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press Sircello, G. (1968) ‘Subjectivity and Justification in Aesthetic Judgements’, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3-12 Wolff, R. P. (ed. ) (1967) ‘Kant: A Collection of Critical Essays’, Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor [a useful collection] Heg el Useful Introductions: Singer, P. (1983) ‘Hegel: a very short introduction’, Oxford: Oxford University Press Patten, A. (2003 [2nd ed. 2009]) ‘Hegel’ in Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. (ed. ) Political Thinkers from Socrates to the Present, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 437-58 Knowles, D. (2002) ‘Hegel and the Philosophy of Right’, New York; Routledge [An excellent text. Really useful for situating Hegel’s knowledge in context. Very clearly written]. Also useful: * Hampsher-Monk, I. A History of Modern Political Thought (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), * Patten, A. Hegel’s Idea of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). * Wood, A. W. ‘Editor’s Introduction’, in G. W. F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right (CUP 1991) * Burns, A. ‘G. W. F. Hegel’, in Terrell Carver and James Martin (eds), Continental Wood, A. W. Hegel’s Ethical Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Ameriks, K. (1985) ‘Hegel’s Critique of Kant’s Theoretical Philosophy’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Vol. XLVI, no. I, pp. 1-35 Haddock, B. ‘G. W. F Hegel: Philosophy of Right’, in Murray Forsyth and (eds), The Political Classics: A Guide to the Essential Texts from Hamilton to Mill, Vol. 2 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993). Beiser, F. (2005) ‘Hegel’, London: Routledge Berenson, F. (1982) ‘Hegel on Others and the Self’, Philosophy, vol. 57, no. 19, pp,77-90 Taylor, C. Hegel and Modern Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). Taylor, C. Hegel, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977). Di Giovanni, G. and Harris, H. S. (eds) (1985) ‘Between Kant and Hegel’, Albany: SUNY Press Harris, H. S. (1995) ‘Hegel: Pheno menology and System’, Indianapolis: Hackett Houlgate, S. (1991) ‘Freedom, Truth, History: And introduction to Hegel’s Philosophy’, London: Routledge Ritter, J. Hegel and the French Revolution: Essays on The Philosophy of Right (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984). Mccarney, J. ‘Hegel on History,’ (London: Routledge, 2000). Habermas, J. Knowledge and Human Interests, trans. Jeremy J. Shapiro (Cambridge: 14 Inwood, M. A Hegel Dictionary (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992). Inwood, M. Hegel (London: Routledge, 1983). Hardimon, M. O. Hegel’s Social Philosophy: The Project of Reconciliation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mure, G. R. G. (1965) ‘The Philosophy of Hegel’, London Pinkard T. (2000) ‘Hegel: A Biography’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Useful introduction to Hegel’s life and times] Raymond Plant, Hegel (London: Routledge, 1999). Pippin, R. B. Idealism as Modernism: Hegelian Variations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). Avineri, S. Hegel’s Theory of the Modern State, New edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974). Solomon, R. (1983) ‘In the Spirit of Hegel’, Oxford: Oxford University Press Stewart, J. (2000) ‘The Unity of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit’, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press Taylor, C. (1975) ‘Hegel’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Villa, D. (2005) ‘Hegel, Toqueville, and â€Å"Individualism†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, The Review of Politics, Vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 659-86 Walsh, W. H. Hegelian Ethics (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1969). Westphal, K. (2003) ‘Hegel’s Epistemology’, Indianapolis: Hackett Allen W. Wood, Hegel’s Ethical Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Pelczynski, Z. A. (ed. ), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). Pelczynski, Z. A. Hegel’s Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971). Marx General texts S Avineri, Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx T Bottomore (ed), A Dictionary of Marxist Thought T. Carver ed. , The Cambridge Companion to Marx T. Carver, Marx’s Social Theory T. Carver, The Postmodern Marx *G Duncan, Marx and Mill M Evans, Karl Marx *I. Hampsher-Monk, Modern Political Thought Ch 10 J Lively A Reeve (eds),Modern Political Theory Section VI *D McLellan,Karl Marx: His Life and Thought *D McLellan,The Thought of Karl Marx [thematic chapters in Part 2 are extremely useful] J Maguire, Marx’s Theory of Politics P. Osborne How to Read Marx *P Singer, Marx (a useful, short introduction) T Sowell, Marxism, Philosophy and Economics W Suching, Marx: An Introduction 15 A Wood, Karl Marx The Young Marx and Alienation E Fromm, Marx’s Concept of Man S Hook, From Hegel to Marx * D McLellan, Marx Before Marxism I Meszaros, Marx’s Theory of Alienation B Ollman, Alienation D. McLennan, The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx Historical Materialism Social Change A Carter, Marx: A Radical Critique T Carver, Marx’s Social Theory G Cohen, Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence M Rader, Marx’s Interpretation of History Marx and Capitalism: Marxist Economics A Brewer, A Guide to Marx’s Capital B Fine, Theories of the Capitalist Economy A Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory E Mandel, The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx E Mandel, An Introduction to Marxist Economic Theory T Sowell, Marxism, Philosophy and Economics Marx and Ideology E. Balibar, Marx and Philosophy T. Carver, `Did Ideology fall with the Wall? Marx, Marxism, Post-Marxism’ in M. Freeden ed. , Reassessing Political Ideologies J Lorraine, â€Å"Ideology and its revisions in Contemporary Marxism† in N O’Sullivan ed. , The Structure of Modern Ideology J. McCarney, The Real World of Ideology M. Seliger, The Marxist Concept of Ideology R. Williams, `Ideology’ in his Keywords Marx and Engels on justice, morality, human nature and exploitation Arneson,`What’s wrong with Exploitation? ‘ Ethics 91 (Jan 1981) A. Buchanan, `Exploitation, Alienation and Injustice’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy IX vol. Cohen, Nagel Scanlon eds, Marx, Justice and History (esp. articles by Husain and Wood L. N. Geras,`The Controversy about Marx and Justice’, New Left Review 150 (1985) * N. Geras, Marx and Human Nature *S. Lukes, Marxism and Morality *K. Neilson S. Patton eds, `Marx and Morality’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy. Supplement to vol. VII (1981) A. Wood, Karl Marx, pt III A. Wood, `The Marxist Critique of Justice’, Philosophy and Public Affairs vol. 1 no. 13 (1972) 16 Young, `Justice and Capitalist Production. Marx and Bourgeois Ideology’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy VIII no. 13 (1978) Nietzsche *K. Ansell-Pearson, The Perfect Nihilist. An Introduction to Nietzsche as Political Thinker *K. Ansell-Pearson, Nietzsche contra Rousseau. A Study of Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Thought K. Ansell-Pearson, `The Exotic Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche’, Political Theory (Aug. 1986) *K. Ansell-Pearson, `Nietzsche on Autonomy and Morality’, Political Studies (June 1991) K. Ansell-Pearson, `Nietzsche: A Radical Challenge to Political Theory? ‘ Radical Philosophy 54 (1990) K. Ansell-Pearson, `Who is the ubermensch? Time, Truth and Woman in Nietzsche’ Journal of the History of Ideas (April/June 1992) D. Conway, Nietzsche and the Political D. Conway, Nietzsche’s Dangerous Game S. J. Coleman, `Nietzsche as Politique et Moraliste’ Journal of the History of Ideas vol. 27 (1966) G. Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy [challenging but brilliant] D. Allison ed. , The New Nietzsche [excellent but challenging collection] R. Hollingdale, Nietzsche: The Man and his Philosophy [a readable semi-biography by one of his main English translaters] W. Kaufmann, Nietzsche. Philosopher, Psychologist, and Anti-Christ [It was Kaufmann who first introduced Nietzsche to many English-speaking readers, via his translations, and he who was mainly responsible for re-presenting N. s an existentialist. His work is very accessible and convincing] T. Strong, Nietzsche and the Politics of Transfiguration (2000) [good on N and Politics] M. Warren, Nietzsche and Political Thought (MIT 1988) M. Warren, `The Politics of Nietzsche’s Philosophy: Nihilism, Culture and Power’, Political Studies (Sept. 1985) M. Warren, `Nietzsche and Po litical Philosophy’, Political Theory vol. 13 no. 2 (May 1985) K. Higgins, Nietzsche’s Zarathustra D. Owen, Nietzsche, Politics and Modernity D. Owen On the Genealogy of Morality (2007) P. Patton, Deleuze and the Political (Routledge 2000) ch. [not all on Nietzsche but some very useful comparative points] R. Schacht ed. , Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals B. Leiter Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Nietzsche on the Genealogy of Morality *M. Tanner, Nietzsche (1994) [this is a very short and accessible introduction] B. Magnus K. Higgins ed. , The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche [esp. articles by Magnus Higgins, Strong and Nehamas] *A. Nehamas, Nietzsche: Life as Literature [a very useful commentary] R. Soloman K. Higgins, Reading Nietzsche E. Kennedy, `Woman as Ubermensch: Nietzsche’, in Kennedy Mendus eds, Women in Western Political Philosophy K. Oliver, Womanizing Nietzsche: Philosophy’s Relation to the `Feminine’ 17 P. Johnson, `Nietzsche Reception Today’, Radical Philosophy 80 (Nov/Dec 1996) [useful overview of literature on Nietzsche’s politics] D. Coole, `The Politics of Reading Nietzsche’, Political Studies 46 (June 1998) D. Coole, Politics and Negativity (Routledge 2000) ch. 3 S. Rosen, The Mask of Enlightenment. Nietzsche’s Zaarathustra [very detailed exposition of a major text] T. Sadler, Nietzsche. Truth and Redemption. Critique of the Postmodernist Nietzsche [presents a mystical, existentialist Nietzsche, based on the early writings. Readable but controversial] *F. Appel, Nietzsche Contra Democracy [short and clear. Argues that Nietzsche is a thoroughgoing anti-democrat] Additional thematic sources: Many of the sources already listed by thinker have useful material on the themes for the extended essay. The sources below provide general background and additional material. As a general starting point Goodin and Pettit (eds) A companion to contemporary political philosophy (Blackwell, 1995) has useful chapters on most of these themes. Remember that texts from last term will also be relevant. Freedom: Connolly, William, The Terms of Political Discourse (1983), chapter 4 Coole, Diana, ‘Constructing and Deconstructing Liberty’, Political Studies 41:1 (1993) [reprinted in P. Dunleavy et al. (eds. ), British Political Science] Green, T. H. , ‘Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract’, in Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligations and Other Writings Miller, David, Liberty Ramsay, Maureen What’s Wrong with liberalism? (1997) Ch 2 Riley, Jonathan, ‘Liberty’, in Catriona McKinnon (ed. , Issues in Political Theory Ryan, Alan (ed. ), The Idea of Freedom Swift, Adam, Political Philosophy, (Polity, 2001) part 2 Taylor, Charles, ‘What’s Wrong with Negative Liberty? ’, in A. Ryan (ed. ), The Idea of Freedom and in D. Miller, Liberty. Human nature Davies, J. , Human nature in politics (Wiley, 1963) Forbes, I. , and Smith, S. , (eds) Politics and human n ature (1983) Parekh, Bikhu, Rethinking Multiculturalism. MacMillan: Basingtoke, 2000. Chapter 4. Pinker, S. , The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature (2003) Rosen, M. , Wolff, J. , Political Thought. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999, Chapter 1. Sayers, S. , Marxism and human nature (Routledge, 2007) 18 Morality K. Ansell-Pearson, Nietzsche contra Rousseau. A Study of Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Thought Berki, N. , and Parekh, B. The morality of politics (1972) S. Lukes, Marxism and Morality Nuttall, J Moral Questions: an introduction to ethics (Polity, 1993) Ch 13 Raz, J. , The morality of freedom (Clarendon, 1986) Raz, J. , Ethics in the public domain: the morality of law and politics (OUP 1994) Equality Arneson . , RJ ‘Equality’ in Goodin and Pettit Pojman, L. and R. Westmoreland (eds. , Equality: Selected Readings Rees, John, Equality (Pall Mall Press, 1971) Sen, A. , Inequality Re-examined Sen, A. , ‘Equality of What? ’, in Choice, Welfare and Measurement Tawney, R. H. , Equality, (1931) especially section on ‘Liberty and Equality’ Swift, Adam, Political Philosophy, esp Part 3 (Polity, 2001) Tawney RH Equality (Allen and Unwin, 1931) W hite S. , Equality (Polity, 2007) Political authority and legitimacy Dunn, J Political obligation in its historical context (CUP 1980) Flathman. , R ‘Legitimacy’ in Goodin and Pettit (eds) A companion to contemporary political philosophy (Blackwell, 1995) Flathman, R. The practice of political authority (Univ of Chicago Press, 1980) Green , L. , The authority of the state (Clarendon 1988) Green TH Lectures on the principles of political obligation and other writings (CUP, 1986) Hampton, J. , ‘Contract and consent’, Ch 16 in Goodin and Pettit (eds) Lessnoff, M. , Social contract theory (Blackwell, 1990) Morris ,C. , (ed) The social contract theorists: critical essays on Hobbes Locke and Rousseau (1998) Pateman, C Participation and democratic theory (CUP, 1970) Pateman The problems of political obligation (CUP, 1985) Plamenatz, J. Consent, freedom and political obligation (OUP, 1968) Riley P. , Will and political legitimacy: a critical exposition of social co ntract theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau Kant and Hegel ( Harvard University Press, 1982) Simmons, AJ. , Moral principles and political obligations (Princeton Univ Press, 1979) Warrender, J The political philosophy of Hobbes: his theory of obligation (Clarendon, 1957) Please note: if locating material for a topic is difficult please ask your tutor for further suggestions. 19 10. SEMINAR PREPARATION SCHEDULE Week 1: Introduction to the module. Bentham’s utilitarianism Essential Reading: Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, chapters I, IV, VII, XIV (in Wootton). Please bring your copy of the David Wootton volume to class with you. Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What does Bentham mean when he says that mankind is governed by pain and pleasure? 2. What is the principle of utility? 3. Why does Bentham believe that it can provide an objective standard by which our actions can be judged? What type of ethical theory is utilitarianism? What is its relationship to morality? . What, if any, are the political implications of utilitarianism? Week 2: John Stuart Mill’s Liberalism Essential Reading: John Stuart Mill, On Liberty. Please bring your copy of the David Wootton volume to class with you. Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. Why does J. S. Mill believe that it is important to define the nature and limits of power? 2. What is J. S. Mill’s ‘one very simple principle’? How simple is it? And how can it be applied? 3. What justification does Mill provide for freedom of expression of opinion? How convincing do you find it? 4. Why does Mill believe that individuality is one of the elements of well-being? What does he mean when he says that human beings can become ‘a noble and beautiful object of contemplation’? Short in-class or post-class writing task: write some notes in answer to the following: How does Mill’s understanding of freedom differ from or develop the ideas of the thinkers we studied last semester? Week 3: Kant’s Enlightenment Essential Reading: 20 Immanuel Kant, ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? ’ (Wootton pp. 522-526) Please bring your copy of the David Wootton volume with you to class. Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. How does Kant define Enlightenment? 2. How is enlightenment attained and what is its significance? 3. What are the obstacles to Enlightenment and how can they be overcome? 4. What is the relationship of Enlightenment to freedom? Week 4: Hegel and the State Essential Reading: G. W. F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, (Cambridge, CUP, 1991) Part 3: Ethical life, Section 2, Civil Society, pp. 220-39) On QM+. The editor’s introduction by Allen Wood is also very useful. Please focus especially on the following sections;  §188; C. The Police and the Corporation  §230, a. The Police  §231-249; b. The Corporation ( §250-256). Section 3, The State  §257-259. Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What does Hegel understand by civil society ( §188)? 2. What is the role of the police ( §231-49)? 3. What is the relationship between the family and civil society and the family and the state ( §231-256)? 4. How is the relationship between individual and civil society different from that of individual and the state ( §258)? 5. What does Hegel think the relationship is between freedom and the state ( §258)? Do not be worried if you find these questions difficult to answer when reading on your own. We will try to answer them together in the seminar. Week 5: The early Marx This is the first of three sessions on Marx. In order to understand the context of his ideas, his career and political commitments, it will help you a great deal to do some general introductory reading on Marx from the list below over the next three weeks to support your reading of the primary texts. These are all accessible and clear introductions to Marx’ work. Class discussion will focus on the primary text, and you must bring a copy of the Wootton text with you each week and prepare some answers to the questions that will form the basis of discussion. 1 P. Singer, Marx. A Very Short Introduction (OUP) David McLellan, Karl Marx: His life and thought Hampsher Monk, A History of Modern Political Thought (Blackwell), Chapter 10, â€Å"Karl Marx†, especially section on â€Å"Early life and influences† Francis Wheen, Karl Marx (Fourth Estate) (a lively short biography) The texts we will read this week are drawn from Marx’ early work. We will consider his critique of liberal rights and freedom, and then look in detail at his concepts of ‘species-being; and alienation, as expressed in the ‘1844 Manuscripts’, often known as the ‘Paris Manuscripts’. Essential Reading: i. Sections from ‘On the Jewish Question’: Wootton pp 742-747 (first column and top 2 lines of second column) pp750 (Bottom first column ‘According to Bauer .. )-754 (first half of column 1). ii. ‘Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right’: Wootton pp. 758-765. You need only read the section on pp. 764-5, where Marx derives the proletariat. iii. The 1844 [Paris] Manuscripts. Section on ‘Alienated Labour’ in Wootton pp. 766-772. Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. Why does Marx criticise liberalism? What has he to say about ‘the rights of man’? 2. What kind of emancipation, and from what, is Marx calling for here? 3. Why is the proletariat that will be the privileged agency of emancipation, according to Marx? The Paris Manuscripts 4. What does Marx mean by alienation? What forms does it take? What is wrong with alienation? 5. Why is Marx critical of private property? What is its relation to alienation? 6. What does Marx mean by `species-being’? Do you think Marx has a theory of human nature here? 7. What does Marx mean when he claims that communism will even emancipate the human senses? Short in-class or post-class writing task: Write a few bullet points in answer to one of the following: How does Marx’s view of human nature/essence differ from other thinkers you’ve studied? What do you think freedom might consist of for Marx? Week 6: Historical Materialism and the Dialectic Essential Reading: i. The German Ideology Part 1 (Wootton pp775-787 up to ‘as the history of communism proves’) ii. Theses on Feuerbach (Wootton pp 773-4) iii. Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Woottton pp. 829-831) iv. Manifesto of the Communist Party Parts 1,2,4 (Wootton pp. 98-809 and pp. 814 -815). 22 Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What is materialism? 2. What makes Marx’ materialism historical? What drives history, according to Marx? 3. What is the relationship between forces and social relations of production, and between base and superstructure? What is a mode of production? 4. To what extent c an human action shape history, according to Marx? How does class struggle fit in here? 5. What is ideology and what is its function? 6. How might a revolution come about, in Marx’ view? Short in class or post-class writing task: Write a paragraph on how Marx’s view of history challenges the justifications for political authority advanced by other thinkers previously studied on the course. Week 7: Reading Week Week 8: The Analysis of Capitalism. Essential reading: Wootton contains very little of Capital. Essential reading for this week is taken from Tucker The Marx Engels Reader (Norton, 1978) and can be found on the module QM+ site. i. The Coming Upheaval Tucker pp. 218-9 ii. Capital vol. 1: Pt I ch. 1 sect. 1 (Tucker pp. 302-8); sect. 2 (Tucker pp. 308-312); sect. 4 (Tucker pp. 319-29); ch. VI (pp. 336-343); Pt III ch. VII sect. 2 (pp. 351-361); ch. X sect. 2 (pp. 364-7); Ch. XIII, esp. sect’s 4,5 (pp. 392-403); Pt V ch. XVI (pp. 417-9); ch. XXV sect. 4 (pp. 429-431); Pt VIII (pp. 431-8) iii. Capital vol. 3 (pp. 439-442) iv. Crisis Theory Final section (pp. 459-65) Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What is Marx’s theory of value? What do the terms use value, exchange value and surplus value mean and how do they relate to one another? 2. What is the `twofold character of labour’? 3. What does Marx mean by the fetishism of commodities? 4. What are the contradictions and crises that Marx finds inherent in capitalism? . How does the proletariat’s exploitation occur? 6. What does the analysis of capitalism show us about the dialectical method? Is this still relevant as a way of reading the present? 7. How convincing do you find Marx’s analysis of capitalism? Short in class or post-class writing task: Write a paragraph summarising your under standing of Marx’ views on either a) morality or b) equality. 23 Week 9: Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality I Background to Nietzsche As a preparation for studying Nietzsche, you are advised to read K. Ansell-Pearson, The Perfect Nihilist. An Introduction to Nietzsche as Political Thinker (CUP 1994). D. Conway, Nietzsche and the Political (Routledge 1996), is a possible alternative but rather misleadingly `reconstructive’ as an introductory text. Both of these books nevertheless offer accessible introductions to Nietzsche, with particular emphasis on his political dimension. A useful introductory essay to his writings can also be found in B. Magnus K. Higgins, `Nietzsche’s Works and their Themes’ in The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche (CUP 1996), which can be found on Moodle Wootton (ed) contains only the first essay of the Genealogy of Morality so you will definitely need access to another copy too. Key readings not in Wootton, as well as helpful supplementary readings are available on QM+. The Cambridge University Press edition of the Genealogy is a very good one if you wish to buy a copy. In addition, it would be very useful if you were to look at Beyond Good and Evil. Essential Reading: Nietzsche, Genealogy of Morality Preface; Essay 1. Please focus especially on sections 2,7,10,11,12,13 and pay especial attention to section 13. On the Genealogy of Morality: 1. How does Nietzsche distinguish between good/evil and good/bad? Explain how the latter gave way to the former and the type of persons which were classified under each heading. Which civilisations correspond to these categories? 2. What is the meaning and significance of `ressentiment’ and the `herd instinct’? How do they differ from what is `noble’ and the aristrocratic way of life? What do you think it means in this context to say `yes’ to life? 3. What has been the fate of we modern Europeans, according to Nietzsche? 4. What is Nietzsche criticising in Essay 1, section 13? Nietzsche alludes here to the will to power: what sense can you gain of it? Week 10: Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality II Essential Reading: Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morality Essay 2, sections 1,2,3,7,11,12,16,17,18,24,25. Please pay especial attention to section 12, which we will read together in class. ii. Nietzsche, sections on nihilism from Will to Power [available on QM+] Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What developments would have to occur before the human species is capable of entering a social contract? How does Nietzsche believe they were brought about? 24 2. In what sense can these developments be called nihilistic? 3. Explain what Nietzsche is saying about his method and about will to power, in Essay 2, section 12. What does this add to his former analysis of punishment? 4. How does bad conscience arise? What are its consequences? 5. Who is the man of the future? What sort of redemption might he permit? Short in class or post-class writing task: Write a short paragraph or a few bullet points in answer to one (or more) of the following questions. How does Nietzsche’s understanding of morality differ from that of other thinkers you have studied? How does he pose a challenge to thinking about morality as an intrinsic part of human nature? How do you think Nietzsche understands freedom? How might freedom be tied to power? Can Nietzsche’s philosophy be reconciled with the concept of equality? Again, try to think about his difference/connection with other thinkers covered on the course. Week 11: Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality III Essential Readings i. Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morality Essay 3. Please focus on sections 1,8, 12 to end; ii. Sections from Thus Spake Zarathustra (Wooton only contains first two essays so both of these will be available on QM+). Questions to guide your reading and for seminar discussion: 1. What is the ascetic ideal? Why is it nihilistic? What role do philosophy and religion respectively play in its promotion? 2. What do you think Nietzsche means by `Life’? How does the ascetic ideal both threaten and preserve it? 3. What is the relationship between knowledge and will? Why is everything a matter of perspective? 4. Why does Nietzsche call man the sick animal? 5. What is the herd instinct? How does it help modern individuals to cope with their anguish? 6. What examples does Nietzsche give of modern no-sayers? 7. What is the will to truth? 8. What are the different meanings and symptoms that Nietzsche attributes to nihilism? 9. What is will to power? In what sense is it unconscious? How does it relate to the will to truth? 10. What role is played by Zarathustra and what is his relationship to the Dionysian? Why does Nietzsche suggest he has come too soon? Week 12: Research essay workshop This week’s seminar will take the form of a collaborative workshop intended to help you in preparing and drafting your research essay. By the end of the session you should have a firm title and essay structure in place, and be ready to begin writing (if you haven’t already). 5 Essential preparation: using the feedback on your essay plan, begin sketching out the structure and content of your essay in more detail. What will be your final choice of theme and thinkers? What main differences/similarities have you identified in the different thinkers’ treatment of your chosen theme? What will your final essay title be? What are the key primary and secondary texts you are using? You should be prepared to share your work and ideas with other students and to offer constructive criticism of the work of others. IMPORTANT: if for any reason you are unable to attend this workshop you MUST notify your tutor. 26 Appendix I: MPT II Assessment PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE WILL BE A BRIEFING SESSION ON THE ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL STUDENTS ON THURSDAY 18 JANUARY AT 1PM IN ROOM FB113A Overview: This semester, assessment consists of the following two pieces of work: (i) an essay proposal of max 500 words, plus working bibliography and (ii) a research essay of max. 5000 words. There is no exam for this module. The research essay is designed to allow you to demonstrate both depth and breadth in your understanding of the semester’s thinkers. It is also intended to help develop your skills of research design and independent research, in order to prepare you for the final year dissertation you will undertake next year. You are required to choose one from a selection of key themes, and to write an essay that compares and analyses the treatment of your chosen theme by at least three of the thinkers covered in this module. The choice of thinkers will depend on the theme chosen and your own interests, with one stipulation: at least two must be chosen from the Spring Semester (for Semester B associates all will be chosen from the Spring Semester). The themes from which to choose are: 1) freedom 2) human nature 3) morality/ethics 4) equality 5) political authority and legitimacy. The requirement to submit a plan and working bibliography is intended to ensure that your choice of themes and thinkers is appropriate, to help you in framing your arguments, and to give you the opportunity to receive feedback on your work in progress from your seminar tutor. Your tutors will also incorporate short writing exercises into classes to help you link themes and thinkers as we progress through the course. Suggested exercises are included in this handbook. Your work will be assessed according to the general assessment criteria set out in the Politics Student Handbook, however you should also pay careful attention to the specific requirements of the tasks set out below. Coursework 1: Research essay plan and working bibliography Deadline 9am Thursday 7 March 2013 (Week 9) 27 Title MPT II research essay plan (also give proposed title of your research essay) Word length Maximum 500 words not including bibliography. Weighting 10% of the overall course mark for MPT (15% for single semester associate students). Task Your 500 word plan must do the following: Give a working title for your essay (see end of this appendix for example title formats) Introduce your chosen theme and give a brief rationale for your choice of thinkers Set out an indicative structure for your essay Give an indication of the main similarities/differences between the thinkers in terms of your chosen theme, and/or indicate your overall argument Your working bibliography must: Contain both primary texts and secondary sources Show that you have identified sufficient relevant sources to assist in the research and writing of your essay Be properly and accurately presented, adhering to scholarly conventions MPT II Coursework 2: Research essay Deadline 9am Tuesday 23 April 2013 (revision week) Title Give the finalised title of your essay Word Length Maximum 5000 words including footnotes, excluding bibliography Weighting 50% of the overall module mark for MPT (85% for single semester associate students) Task The essay must: D emonstrate that you have read and understood a range of primary and secondary texts studied in the module. Clearly show the relevance of your chosen thinkers to the theme selected Use analytical and critical skills to explore similarities/differences/complementarities between the thinkers 28 Advance and sustain an overall argument Be properly and accurately presented and referenced, and contain a full bibliography Advice and guidance: This research essay is not simply a longer version of the ordinary undergraduate essay. It is more in the nature of a guided research project, and thus requires more of you. You contribute to the design of the topic or question, and you will need to be more independent in identifying and selecting relevant source material. The number of sources consulted will be greater than for the average 2000-3000 word essay. A longer piece of work requires you to develop your points and arguments in greater detail and depth, and it may also be more difficult to structure. Therefore please pay attention to the following suggestions, and ask your seminar tutor or course convenor for help if anything is unclear. Getting started: Do NOT leave all the preparatory work for this essay until the week before you have to hand in your plan! You need to be thinking from an early stage about what themes and thinkers interest you, and you should make notes, week by week, on how the different thinkers relate to the various themes. Some short exercises are included in this handbook to help you do this: these may be done in class with help from your tutor, but should also be used after class to help you build up a set of thematic notes. Designing your topic It is crucial that your choice of theme and thinkers is coherent. Whatever theme you choose, you should start by iden How to cite Modern Political Thought, Papers